A Comprehensive Exploration of United States Mandated Reporting Laws for Abuse and Neglect

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the mandated reporting laws across all 50 states within the United States concerning the abuse and/or neglect of minors and vulnerable adults. It further examines the relevant specifics within the ethics codes of various mental health professions, including the American Counseling Association (ACA), the American Psychological Association (APA), the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT), and licensed school counselors. The aim is to offer a detailed resource outlining the legal and ethical obligations incumbent upon mandated reporters throughout the nation.

State-by-State Analysis of Mandated Reporting Laws

A. Introduction to the Legal Framework

The fundamental purpose of mandated reporting laws in the United States is to safeguard children and vulnerable adults from the detrimental effects of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. These laws achieve this by legally obligating professionals who, through the nature of their work, have regular contact with these susceptible populations to report any reasonable suspicions of maltreatment. This proactive measure aims to ensure early detection and intervention in situations where individuals may be at risk of harm.

While the federal government plays a role in this area, primarily through the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA), the specific details and operational aspects of mandated reporting laws are predominantly determined and enforced at the state level. CAPTA, enacted to provide a federal framework and financial support for child protection efforts, sets a minimum standard that states must meet to receive certain federal funds. However, states retain significant autonomy in defining the scope of mandated reporting, the categories of individuals who are mandated reporters, the procedures for reporting, and the consequences for failing to report. This division of responsibility results in a complex and diverse landscape of mandated reporting laws across the 50 states.

Each state has established dedicated agencies responsible for receiving and investigating reports of suspected abuse and neglect. For children, this responsibility typically falls under the purview of Child Protective Services (CPS) or an equivalent state agency. These agencies are tasked with ensuring the safety and well-being of children by investigating allegations of maltreatment and providing necessary services to affected families. Similarly, for vulnerable adults, Adult Protective Services (APS) or comparable state entities are in place to receive and investigate reports of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. The existence of these specialized agencies at the state level underscores a societal commitment to addressing the issues of maltreatment against both children and adults who may be unable to protect themselves.

The concept of "mandated reporters" is central to these legal frameworks. Mandated reporters are individuals who, by virtue of their profession, are legally required to report suspected instances of abuse or neglect. The rationale behind assigning this duty to specific professions lies in the fact that these individuals often have regular and trusted interactions with vulnerable populations. This frequent contact places them in a unique position to observe potential signs and indicators of abuse or neglect that might otherwise go unnoticed. Professions commonly included in the category of mandated reporters encompass a wide range, including healthcare providers, educators, social workers, law enforcement personnel, and child care providers. By placing this legal obligation on these professionals, the aim is to create a proactive system of early detection and intervention, thereby preventing further harm and ensuring the safety and well-being of children and vulnerable adults.

B. Alabama

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

The official website for the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR) concerning Child Protective Services and mandated reporting can be accessed at . In Alabama, a minor is generally defined as an individual under the age of 19 . However, it is important to note that reports concerning individuals aged 18 or older are not typically classified as Child Abuse/Neglect (CA/N) reports unless the alleged incidents occurred when the person was under 18 and they are currently in need of protective services between their 18th and 19th birthdays .  

Alabama law defines child abuse as harm or threatened harm to a child's health or welfare, which can occur through non-accidental physical or mental injury, sexual abuse or attempted sexual abuse, or sexual exploitation or attempted sexual exploitation . Neglect is defined as the negligent treatment or maltreatment of a child, including the failure to provide adequate food, medical treatment, supervision, clothing, or shelter .  

The state of Alabama has a comprehensive list of mandated reporters, encompassing various professionals who frequently interact with children. These include all hospitals, clinics, sanitariums, doctors, physicians, surgeons, day care workers or employees, mental health professionals, employees of public and private institutions of postsecondary and higher education, and members of the clergy . It is crucial to note an exception for clergy members, who are not required to report information gained solely in a confidential communication privileged under Rule 505 of the Alabama Rules of Evidence . Additional mandated reporters include school teachers and officials, peace officers, law enforcement officials, pharmacists, social workers, nurses, dentists, osteopaths, optometrists, chiropractors, podiatrists, and physical therapists . This extensive list highlights the state's aim to maximize the identification of potential child maltreatment.  

In terms of reporting procedures, Alabama law mandates that any person suspecting child abuse or neglect must report it immediately after forming the suspicion . This report can be made orally, either by telephone or through direct communication, to the County Department of Human Resources or a local law enforcement agency . Following the initial oral report, a written report must be submitted to the Department of Human Resources .  

The relevant statutory codes within Alabama law that outline these duties include Code of Alabama 1975 § 26-14-1, which provides definitions of abuse and neglect ; § 26-14-3, which specifies the mandated reporting requirements and the list of individuals obligated to report ; and § 26-14-9, which grants immunity from liability to individuals who make reports in good faith . Furthermore, Alabama law provides immunity from any liability, civil or criminal, for persons making a report in good faith . Conversely, failure to make a required report is classified as a misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in jail or a $500 fine .  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation

Information regarding Adult Protective Services and mandated reporting in Alabama can be found on the DHR website at . Alabama law defines an "Adult in Need of Protective Services" as a person 18 years of age or older who exhibits behavior indicating a mental incapacity to adequately care for themselves and their interests, potentially leading to serious consequences, or who, due to physical or mental impairment, is unable to protect themselves from abuse, neglect, or exploitation . This definition encompasses a broad range of vulnerabilities that necessitate legal protection.  

The mandated reporters for vulnerable adult abuse, neglect, and exploitation in Alabama include practitioners of the healing arts, such as physicians and nurses, as well as caregivers . Additionally, Long Term Care Ombudsmen are also mandated to report suspected maltreatment of vulnerable adults . This focus on healthcare professionals and caregivers acknowledges their direct and frequent interactions with this population.  

The reporting procedures for adult abuse in Alabama require mandated reporters to report immediately upon finding reasonable cause to believe that an adult in need of protection has been subjected to any form of abuse, neglect, or exploitation . Reports can be made orally, either by telephone or in person, to the sheriff, chief of police, or any County Department of Human Resources . These oral reports must be followed by a written report . The statewide Adult Abuse hotline number is 1-800-458-7214 .  

The legal foundation for these requirements is the Adult Protective Services Act of 1976, which is codified in Code of Alabama 1975, §§38-9-1 through 38-9-11 . This legislation outlines the responsibilities of DHR, law enforcement, caregivers, and individuals in reporting and investigating cases of vulnerable adult maltreatment . Furthermore, the Adult Protective Services Act grants immunity from civil or criminal liability to any individual who reports and participates in judicial proceedings concerning these reports in good faith . Conversely, any physician or other practitioner of the healing arts or any caregiver who knowingly fails to make a required report is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor .  

C. Alaska

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

The official website for the Alaska Office of Children's Services (OCS) provides information on reporting child abuse and neglect at . In Alaska, while all individuals are encouraged to report suspected child abuse and neglect, state law (Alaska Statute 47.17.020) mandates reporting by a comprehensive list of professionals .  

The categories of mandated reporters in Alaska include administrative officers of institutions and child care providers . Furthermore, volunteers who interact with children in a public or private school for more than four hours a week and members of the multidisciplinary child protection team are also mandated reporters . The mandate extends to all health clinicians and paid employees of organizations that provide counseling or treatment to individuals seeking to control their use of drugs or alcohol . School teachers and school administrative staff members in both public and private schools, as well as athletic coaches in both sectors, are legally obligated to report . Peace officers and officers of the state Department of Corrections are also included . The definition further encompasses foster parents, day care providers and paid staff, and members of child fatality review teams . This extensive list demonstrates Alaska's commitment to ensuring the safety of children across various settings and interactions.  

Regarding reporting procedures, Alaska law requires mandated reporters to report immediately when they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child has suffered harm as a result of abuse or neglect . These reports must be made to the Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) . If the reporter cannot reasonably contact the nearest office of the department and immediate action is necessary for the well-being of the child, a report can be made to a peace officer . In such cases, the peace officer is required to take immediate action to protect the child and must notify the nearest office of the department at the earliest opportunity . Additionally, any person reporting suspected child pornography is mandated to make their report immediately to the nearest law enforcement agency . The statewide hotline for reporting child abuse is 1-800-478-4444 .  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are Alaska Statute §§ 47.17.020 and 47.17.023 . It is also important to note § 47.17.060, which pertains to privileged communications in the context of child abuse reporting. This statute specifies that neither the physician-patient privilege nor the spousal privilege is recognized in these situations . This indicates a legislative priority for the disclosure of information relevant to child safety over traditional confidentiality protections.  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation

Information on Alaska's Adult Protective Services (APS) and mandated reporting for vulnerable adults can be found at . In Alaska, a "vulnerable adult" is defined as a person 18 years of age or older who suffers from undue influence, abandonment, exploitation, abuse, neglect, or self-neglect . This definition encompasses a range of circumstances where an adult's well-being and autonomy may be compromised.  

The mandated reporters for vulnerable adults in Alaska include a broad spectrum of professionals. These include physicians or other licensed health care providers, as well as mental health professionals, which specifically includes licensed marital and family therapists . Pharmacists, administrators or employees of nursing homes or residential care or health care facilities, and guardians or conservators are also mandated reporters . Furthermore, the list includes police officers, village public safety officers, village health aides, and social workers . The mandate extends to emergency medical technicians, mobile intensive care paramedics, caregivers of the vulnerable adult, certified nurse aides, and educators or administrative staff members of public or private educational institutions . This comprehensive list reflects a multi-faceted approach to protecting vulnerable adults.  

The reporting procedures in Alaska require mandated reporters to report not later than 24 hours after first having reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is suffering from maltreatment . These reports should be made to Adult Protective Services by calling 1-800-478-9996 (within Alaska) or 907-269-3666 . Reports can also be made by completing and faxing a "Report of Harm Form" . If the person making the report believes that immediate action is necessary to protect the vulnerable adult from imminent risk of serious physical harm and cannot immediately contact APS, the report must be made to a police officer or village public safety officer .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Alaska Statute § 47.24.010 . This statute outlines the persons required to report and the procedures for reporting harm to vulnerable adults. It is important to note that a person listed as a mandated reporter who knowingly fails to comply with this section is guilty of a class B misdemeanor . Conversely, persons who make reports in good faith are immune from civil or criminal liability and are protected from retaliation .  

D. Arizona

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

The official website for the Arizona Department of Child Safety (DCS) provides information on reporting child abuse and neglect at . Arizona law mandates that certain individuals who reasonably believe that a minor has experienced non-accidental injury or neglect are obligated to report their concerns to DCS or local law enforcement, as outlined in Arizona Revised Statute (ARS) §13-3620. A . This legal requirement underscores the importance of professional vigilance in protecting children.  

The categories of mandated reporters in Arizona are extensive and include physicians, physician's assistants, optometrists, dentists, osteopathic physicians, behavioral health professionals, nurses, psychologists, counselors, and social workers . The list also encompasses peace officers, child welfare investigators, and child protective services workers . Members of the clergy, priests, and Christian Science practitioners are mandated reporters, as are parents, stepparents, and guardians . School personnel, domestic violence victim advocates, and sexual assault victim advocates are also legally obligated to report . Finally, any other person who has responsibility for the care or treatment of minors is included in this comprehensive list . This broad definition aims to ensure that individuals in various roles that involve contact with children are aware of and fulfill their reporting responsibilities.  

Regarding reporting procedures, Arizona law stipulates that reports shall be made immediately, either electronically or by telephone, to DCS at 1-888-SOS-CHILD or to a peace officer . DCS also provides an online reporting service, known as the Guardian Portal, specifically for mandated reporters to report non-emergency concerns . This online system is reserved for individuals willing to identify themselves as the reporting source, and the identity of reporting sources is strictly confidential under ARS § 8-807 .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Arizona Revised Statute (ARS) § 13-3620 . This statute details the duty to report abuse, physical injury, neglect, and the denial or deprivation of medical care or nourishment of minors. It also outlines the information that should be included in the report, such as the names and addresses of the minor and their parents, the minor's age, and the nature and extent of the abuse or neglect . It is important to note that any person other than one required to report who reasonably believes that a minor is a victim of abuse or neglect may also report . A violation of the mandatory reporting requirements under this section is classified as a class 1 misdemeanor, except if the failure to report involves a reportable offense, in which case it is a class 6 felony .  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation

Information regarding Arizona's Adult Protective Services (APS) and mandated reporting for vulnerable adults can be found at . Arizona law defines a "vulnerable adult" as an individual 18 years of age or older who is unable to protect themselves from abuse, neglect, or exploitation by others due to a physical or mental impairment . This definition is central to determining who is subject to the protections of the law.  

The mandated reporters for vulnerable adults in Arizona encompass a wide range of professionals. These include health professionals, emergency medical technicians, home health providers, hospital interns or residents, speech, physical or occupational therapists, and long-term care providers . Social workers, peace officers, medical examiners, guardians, conservators, fire protection personnel, and developmental disabilities providers are also mandated to report . Furthermore, the mandate extends to financial personnel, including attorneys, accountants, trustees, guardians, conservators, or other persons responsible for preparing tax records or managing the property of a vulnerable adult . Additionally, individuals who receive a copy of a supported decision-making agreement and have cause to believe the decision-maker is being abused, neglected, or exploited by the supporter are also mandated reporters . This comprehensive list reflects the state's commitment to protecting vulnerable adults from various forms of maltreatment.  

The reporting procedures in Arizona require that reports be made immediately by phone or online to a peace officer or to the Adult Protective Services Central Intake Unit at 877-767-2385 . The guardian or conservator of a vulnerable adult is also required to immediately report such concerns to the superior court and the APS Central Intake Unit . An online reporting system is available for this purpose .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Arizona Revised Statute (A.R.S.) 46-454 . This statute outlines the duty to report abuse, neglect, and exploitation of vulnerable adults and the duty to make medical records available for investigations. It also specifies the information that should be included in the report, such as the names and addresses of the adult and any persons having control or custody, the adult's age and vulnerability, and the nature and extent of the maltreatment . It is important to note that any person other than one required to report who has a reasonable basis to believe that abuse, neglect, or exploitation of a vulnerable adult has occurred may also report . Failure to make a required report is a class 1 misdemeanor, except that if the failure to report involves an offense listed in title 13, chapter 14 (sexual offenses), the person is guilty of a class 6 felony .  

E. Arkansas

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding mandated reporting of child abuse and neglect in Arkansas can be found on the official Mandated Reporter Training website and the Arkansas Department of Human Services (DHS) website . Arkansas law specifies that an individual listed as a mandated reporter has a legal obligation to immediately notify the Child Abuse Hotline under certain circumstances . This notification is required if the individual has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been subjected to child maltreatment, has died as a result of such maltreatment, or has died suddenly and unexpectedly . Additionally, the mandate applies if the reporter observes a child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in child maltreatment .  

The list of individuals designated as mandated reporters in Arkansas is extensive, reflecting a broad commitment to child safety. This list includes child care workers, foster care workers, coroners, day care center workers, dentists, and dental hygienists . Domestic abuse advocates, domestic violence shelter employees and volunteers, and employees of the Department of Human Services (including contractors) are also mandated reporters . The obligation extends to foster parents, judges, law enforcement officials, licensed nurses, medical personnel engaged in the admission, examination, care, or treatment of persons, and mental health professionals and paraprofessionals . Other mandated reporters include osteopaths, peace officers, physicians, prosecuting attorneys, resident interns, public or private school counselors, school officials (including institutions of higher education), social workers, surgeons, teachers, and court-appointed special advocate program staff or volunteers . The list further encompasses juvenile intake or probation officers, clergy members (with specific exceptions), employees of child advocacy centers or child safety centers, attorneys ad litem, sexual abuse advocates or volunteers, rape crisis advocates or volunteers, child abuse advocates or volunteers, victim/witness coordinators, victim assistance professionals or volunteers, athletic coaches in public and private schools, directors of public and private athletic and non-athletic organizations, teams, or clubs, individuals aged 21 or older who volunteer in public or private schools as coaches or directors, individuals not otherwise identified who are engaged in performing their employment duties with a non-profit charitable organization other than a non-profit hospital, and the Child Welfare Ombudsman .  

Regarding reporting procedures, Arkansas law mandates that these reports must be made immediately to the Child Abuse Hotline, which can be reached by telephone at 1-800-482-5964 or 1-844-SAVEACHILD . Online reporting is also available through the Arkansas Mandated Reporter Portal at https://mandatedreporter.arkansas.gov/, although this method is intended for non-emergency situations and requires the reporter to provide their name, phone number, and email address .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Arkansas Code § 12-18-402 . This section specifically outlines the obligations of mandated reporters. It is important to note that a mandated reporter who in good faith notifies the Child Abuse Hotline in accordance with the law is granted immunity from both civil and criminal liability . Furthermore, employers and supervisors of mandated reporters are legally prohibited from retaliating against an employee or volunteer for directly reporting child maltreatment to the Child Abuse Hotline . Conversely, mandated reporters who fail to notify the Hotline of suspected abuse or neglect may face criminal misdemeanor charges or civil lawsuits, and licensed professionals may risk losing their licenses .  

2. Adult Maltreatment and Long-Term Care Facility Resident Maltreatment

Information concerning Adult Protective Services (APS) and mandated reporting for adults in Arkansas can be found on the official DHS website and through resources like RAINN . Arkansas law defines an "endangered person" as an individual aged 18 or older who is found to be in a situation or condition that poses a danger to themselves and who demonstrates a lack of capacity to comprehend the nature and consequences of remaining in that situation . An "impaired person" is defined as someone 18 or older who, due to mental or physical impairment, is unable to protect themselves from abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation, or who is a long-term care facility resident with such impairments .  

The mandated reporters for endangered or impaired adults in Arkansas include a variety of professionals. These include physicians, surgeons, coroners, dentists, dental hygienists, osteopaths, and resident interns . The list also encompasses nurses, members of a hospital's personnel engaged in administration, examination, care, or treatment of persons, social workers, case managers, home health workers, mental health professionals, peace officers, law enforcement officers, facility administrators and owners, and employees in a facility . Additionally, firefighters, emergency medical technicians, and employees of banks or other financial institutions are mandated reporters . It is important to note an exception for clergy members, who are not required to report if the knowledge of suspected maltreatment was acquired through communications required to be kept confidential by their religious discipline or if it was received from the offender in the context of a statement of admission .  

Regarding reporting procedures, Arkansas law requires that whenever a mandated reporter observes or has reasonable cause to suspect that an endangered person or an impaired person has been subjected to conditions or circumstances that constitute adult maltreatment or long-term care facility resident maltreatment, the person must immediately report or cause a report to be made . For a resident of a long-term care facility, the report should be made to the local law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction of the facility and to the Office of Long-Term Care of the Division of Medical Services (DMS) of the Department of Human Services at 501-682-8292 . A call can also be made to the Adult Maltreatment Hotline at 1-800-482-8049, and reports can be made online . For a maltreated adult who does not reside in a long-term care facility, the report should be made to the adult and long-term care facility maltreatment hotline (1-800-482-8049) .  

Any mandated reporter who knowingly fails to make a required report is guilty of a Class B misdemeanor . Furthermore, any mandated reporter who knowingly fails to make a required report in the manner and time required by law is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor . Additionally, any mandated reporter who purposely fails to make a required report is civilly liable for damages proximately caused by the failure .  

F. California

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

The official California Department of Education Child Abuse Reporting Guide provides comprehensive information at . Under California law, a mandated reporter has a legal obligation to report all known or suspected cases of child abuse or neglect when they develop a "reasonable suspicion" . This threshold for reporting is critical, emphasizing that certainty is not required, but rather a well-founded suspicion based on observable facts or credible information.  

California maintains an extensive list of professions that qualify as mandated reporters. This list includes all employees of school districts, administrators within educational institutions, and athletic coaches associated with schools . The legal basis for this list and its continued expansion is found in California Penal Code Section 11165.7 . This broad inclusion of educational personnel underscores the state's emphasis on the role of schools in safeguarding children.  

The reporting procedures in California mandate that a report should be made immediately over the telephone to an appropriate law enforcement agency . Suitable law enforcement agencies include a Police or Sheriff's Department (excluding school district police or security departments), a County Probation Department if specifically designated by the county to receive child abuse reports, or a County Welfare Department/County Child Protective Services . This verbal report must be followed up with a written report . Law enforcement agencies typically provide specific forms for this purpose, which they will request the reporter to complete. In situations where an immediate telephone report is not feasible, an initial report may be made via email or fax . While not a substitute for reporting to law enforcement, a report may also be filed concurrently with the reporter's school district or county office of education (COE) . However, it is important to note that school districts and COEs do not conduct child abuse investigations themselves, nor do they contact the person suspected of abuse or neglect .  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are California Penal Code Section 11165.7, which enumerates the list of mandated reporters, and Section 11166, which outlines the specific reporting requirements and the associated penalties for non-compliance . California law requires mandated reporters to provide their names when making a report; however, the reporter's identity is kept confidential . Furthermore, mandated reporters are granted immunity from state criminal or civil liability for fulfilling their reporting duties as required by law . Conversely, a person who fails to make a required report is guilty of a misdemeanor, which carries a potential penalty of up to six months in jail and/or a fine of up to $1,000 . This penalty underscores the seriousness with which the state views the obligation of mandated reporting.  

2. Elder and Dependent Adult Abuse

Information regarding mandated reporters for elder and dependent adult abuse in California is available from the Orange County Social Services Agency . However, the official California state government website for Adult Protective Services would provide the most authoritative information. In California, a mandated reporter is defined as any person who has assumed full or intermittent responsibility for the care or custody of an elder or dependent adult, regardless of whether they receive compensation. This includes administrators, supervisors, and any licensed staff of public or private facilities that provide care or services for these individuals . The definition also extends to any mandated reporter who, in their professional capacity or within the scope of their employment, has observed or has knowledge of an incident that reasonably appears to be physical abuse, abandonment, abduction, isolation, financial abuse, or neglect, or is informed of such by an elder or dependent adult, as specified in Welfare and Institutions Code Section 15630 .  

The categories of mandated reporters in California are diverse and include health care practitioners such as doctors, dentists, nurses, therapists, and their office staff . Adult personal care providers, including attendants, day care staff, and senior center staff, are also mandated reporters . The list further encompasses law enforcement officers, medical examiners, paramedics, and firemen . Additionally, code enforcement and animal control workers, clergy members, and Adult/Child Protective Services staff are required to report . All staff of the Orange County Social Services Agency who have client contact are mandated reporters, and after January 1, 2007, employees of financial institutions also fall under this obligation . This comprehensive list reflects the state's commitment to a multi-faceted approach to protecting vulnerable adults.  

The reporting procedures in California require a two-step process. First, the mandated reporter must make a verbal report by telephone as soon as practically possible to Adult Protective Services at 800-451-5155 . If the abuse occurred in a long-term care facility, the reporter should call the Long-term Care Ombudsman at 714-479-0107 . Second, the reporter must complete the state form SOC 341 (Report of Suspected Dependent Adult Abuse) in duplicate. The original copy of the written report must be mailed (or faxed) within two working days to the specified address .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Welfare and Institutions Code Section 15630 . This section outlines the duties and responsibilities of mandated reporters concerning the abuse of elder and dependent adults. Information regarding state-level penalties for failure to report in California would be available on the official state government website for Adult Protective Services.  

G. Colorado

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect in Colorado is available from CO4Kids at . In Colorado, a mandatory reporter is legally defined as a professional who is obligated by law to report any known or suspected incidents of child abuse and/or neglect, as specified in Colorado Revised Statutes (C.R.S.) 19-3-304 . This legal obligation underscores the critical role of professionals in the safety net designed to protect children.  

The categories of mandated reporters in Colorado are extensive. They include registered nurses and licensed practical nurses, as well as hospital personnel engaged in the admission, care, or treatment of patients . Christian science practitioners are also mandated reporters . The list further encompasses public or private school officials or employees, social workers, and workers in any licensed or certified facility or agency, such as child care providers and employees, foster parents, and employees at residential care facilities, youth shelters, and homeless shelters . Mental health professionals, dental hygienists, psychologists, physical therapists, and veterinarians are also legally required to report . Additionally, peace officers, child and family investigators, officers and agents of the state bureau of animal protection, animal control officers, the child protection ombudsman, educators providing services through a federal special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children, and directors, coaches, assistant coaches, or athletic program personnel employed by a private sports organization or program are mandated reporters . The list also includes individuals who are registered as a psychologist candidate, marriage and family therapist candidate, or licensed professional counselor candidate, as well as emergency medical service providers and officials or employees of county departments of health, human services, or social services . Finally, naturopathic doctors are also included . This comprehensive list demonstrates Colorado's commitment to ensuring that a wide range of professionals who interact with children are legally obligated to report any suspicions of maltreatment.  

Regarding reporting procedures, Colorado law mandates that if a mandatory reporter has reasonable cause to know or suspect that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect, or has observed the child being subjected to circumstances or conditions that would reasonably result in abuse or neglect, the mandatory reporter shall immediately report or cause a report to be made to 844-CO-4-Kids or to a local law enforcement agency . This initial report is required to be oral. Depending on the specific incident, the reporter may also be asked to follow up immediately with a written report or to contact law enforcement directly. The individual who receives the call will provide instructions on whether a written report or direct law enforcement contact is necessary .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Colorado Revised Statutes 19-3-304 . This statute outlines the specific obligations of mandatory reporters in the state. It is important to note that child protective services and its employees are legally required not to disclose the name of the mandatory reporter to the family involved; however, this confidentiality does not extend to reports made to law enforcement agencies .  

2. At-Risk Adult Mistreatment and Self-Neglect

Information regarding Colorado's Adult Protective Services (APS) and the reporting of mistreatment of at-risk adults can be found on the official APS website at . In Colorado, an "at-risk adult" is legally defined as a person aged 18 and older who is either unable to provide or obtain services necessary for their health, safety, and welfare, or who lacks the capacity to make or understand responsible decisions . This definition establishes the criteria for individuals who are entitled to protection under the state's adult protective services framework.  

Colorado law has specific protocols for mandatory reporters concerning the mistreatment of certain at-risk adults. If an individual is a mandatory reporter under CRS 18-6.5-108 and suspects that an at-risk elder (defined as a person aged 70 or older) or an at-risk adult with intellectual and developmental disabilities is being abused, neglected, or exploited, they are legally obligated to contact the law enforcement agency in the jurisdiction where the client resides to make a report . This direct involvement of law enforcement in these specific cases underscores the state's emphasis on a strong protective response for these particularly vulnerable populations.  

For situations involving the mistreatment or self-neglect of other at-risk adults who do not fall into the categories of at-risk elders or adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, the reporting procedures differ. In these cases, if an individual suspects that an at-risk adult may be experiencing mistreatment or is self-neglecting their basic needs, they should call the county department where the at-risk adult lives to make a report . Colorado law explicitly states that it is acceptable to make a report even if the reporter only suspects something is wrong, provided that the report is made in good faith . This encouragement of reporting based on suspicion aims to ensure that potential instances of harm are brought to the attention of the authorities for review and appropriate action.  

The relevant statutory code pertaining to mandatory reporters of at-risk elders and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities is CRS 18-6.5-108 . This statute outlines the specific obligations and responsibilities of these mandated reporters. It is also important to note that Colorado law addresses the consequences of making false reports. Knowingly making a false report of mistreatment or self-neglect of an at-risk adult is classified as a class 3 misdemeanor. If an individual is charged and convicted of this offense, they could face a fine of up to $750, a jail sentence of up to six months, or both . This penalty serves as a deterrent against the misuse of the reporting system while still encouraging good-faith reporting of genuine concerns.  

H. Connecticut

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding child abuse and neglect reporting in Connecticut can be found on the official website of the Connecticut Department of Children and Families (DCF). The Commissioner of Children and Families in Connecticut has a statutory responsibility to develop comprehensive educational training programs specifically designed for the accurate and prompt identification and reporting of child abuse and neglect . Furthermore, the Commissioner is also tasked with creating refresher training programs to ensure that mandated reporters maintain their knowledge and skills in this critical area. These training programs and refresher courses are required to be made available to all individuals who are mandated to report child abuse and neglect. To ensure accessibility, these programs are offered at various times and locations throughout the State, as determined by the Commissioner . This emphasis on training underscores the state's commitment to equipping mandated reporters with the necessary tools to effectively fulfill their legal and ethical obligations.  

Connecticut law specifies the circumstances under which reporting is mandatory. A report is legally required when, in the ordinary course of their employment or profession, a reporter develops a reasonable cause to suspect or believe that any child under the age of 18 has been subjected to abuse or neglect . This suspicion or belief can be based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, direct observations, allegations made by the child or other parties, factual information obtained, or statements made by the child, the victim (if different from the child), or a third party . It is important to note that this suspicion or belief does not necessitate absolute certainty or probable cause; a reasonable basis for concern is sufficient to trigger the reporting requirement .  

While the law clearly outlines the obligations of mandated reporters in their professional capacities, it also recognizes that individuals may have concerns about child welfare outside of their professional roles. Consequently, any mandated reporter who is acting outside the scope of their professional capacity, as well as any other person who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is being abused or neglected, is also permitted to report such concerns . This provision encourages a broad community involvement in protecting children.  

Connecticut law also addresses specific situations involving potential abuse or neglect within institutions. Whenever a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to suspect or believe that any child has been abused or neglected by a member of the staff of a public or private institution or facility that provides care for such child, or within a public or private school, the mandated reporter is legally obligated to report this information as required by law . In such cases, the DCF Commissioner or their designated representative has a duty to notify the principal, headmaster, executive director, or other person in charge of the institution, facility, or school, or that person's designee. However, this notification is not required if the person in charge is the alleged perpetrator of the abuse or neglect of the child . Furthermore, Connecticut law explicitly prohibits any person from hindering, preventing, or attempting to hinder or prevent any employee from making a report as legally required, or from testifying in any proceeding related to child abuse or neglect . This provision aims to ensure that mandated reporters can fulfill their duties without fear of reprisal or obstruction.  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements in Connecticut include General Statutes §§ 17a-101 and 17a-101i, which likely pertain to the training and general reporting obligations; § 17a-101a, which outlines the standards for making a report; § 17a-101d and § 17a-103, which may relate to confidentiality and other procedural aspects; and § 17a-28(f), which likely addresses the confidentiality of the reporter's identity .  

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation or Abandonment of Elderly Persons

Information regarding the protection of elderly persons from abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment in Connecticut can be found on the official website of the Connecticut Department of Social Services (DSS). Connecticut law defines a "mandatory reporter" in the context of elderly abuse as a specific set of professionals who are legally obligated to report suspected maltreatment . This list includes any physician or surgeon licensed under the provisions of chapter 370 of the Connecticut General Statutes, as well as any resident physician or intern in any hospital within the state, regardless of whether they are licensed . Registered nurses are also included in this category . Furthermore, any nursing home administrator, nurse's aide, or orderly working in a nursing home facility is a mandatory reporter . The definition also extends to any person who is paid for caring for an elderly person by any institution, organization, agency, or facility. This specifically includes employees of community-based services providers, senior centers, home health care agencies, homemaker and companion agencies, adult day care centers, and village-model communities and assisted living facilities . Finally, any person licensed or certified as an emergency medical services provider is also designated as a mandatory reporter . This comprehensive list highlights the state's focus on professionals in healthcare and direct care roles.  

Connecticut law outlines the specific reporting procedures for these mandatory reporters. Any mandatory reporter who has reasonable cause to suspect or believe that any elderly person has been abused, neglected, exploited, or abandoned, or is in a condition that is the result of such maltreatment, or is in need of protective services, is legally required to report this information to the commissioner of social services or the commissioner's designee . This report must be made not later than seventy-two hours after such suspicion or belief arose . In addition to the mandatory reporters, Connecticut law also encourages broader community involvement. Any other person who has reasonable cause to suspect or believe that an elderly person is being, or has been, abused, neglected, exploited, or abandoned, or who is in need of protective services, is permitted to report such information in any reasonable manner to the commissioner or the commissioner's designee . This allows for voluntary reporting from individuals who may not fall under the mandatory categories but still have concerns about an elderly person's well-being.  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Section 17b-451 of the Connecticut General Statutes . This section details the obligations of mandatory reporters and the procedures for reporting suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment of elderly persons. Connecticut law also addresses the consequences of failing to fulfill these reporting duties. Any mandatory reporter who fails to make such a report within the prescribed time period is subject to a fine of not more than five hundred dollars . Furthermore, if such a person intentionally fails to make the report within the prescribed time period, they are guilty of a class C misdemeanor for the first offense and a class B misdemeanor for any subsequent offense . Conversely, Connecticut law also addresses the issue of false reporting. Any person who makes any report pursuant to these sections is guilty of making a fraudulent or malicious report or providing false testimony if they wilfully make a fraudulent or malicious report to the commissioner or conspire with another person to do so . Making a fraudulent or malicious report or providing false testimony is classified as a class A misdemeanor . Finally, the Commissioner of Social Services is required to develop an educational training program to promote and encourage the accurate and prompt identification and reporting of abuse, neglect, exploitation, and abandonment of elderly persons . This training program must be made available on the Internet website of the Department of Social Services to mandated reporters and other interested persons .  

I. Delaware

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect in Delaware is available on the official website of the Delaware Division of Family Services at . Delaware law has a broad mandate, requiring any person, agency, organization, or entity to make an immediate oral report to the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, Division of Family Services, when they know of, or suspect, child abuse or neglect as defined under Chapter 9 of Title 16 of the Delaware Code . This inclusive language underscores the state's strong emphasis on community responsibility in protecting children.  

The law provides examples of professions that are typically considered mandated reporters. These include physicians and persons in the healing arts, such as dentists, interns or residents, nurses, social workers, and psychologists . School employees are also specifically mentioned as mandated reporters . Additionally, medical examiners, hospitals or other health care institutions, the Medical Society of Delaware, and law enforcement agencies are included in this list . This non-exhaustive list illustrates the types of professionals who are most likely to encounter situations of potential child maltreatment.  

The reporting procedures in Delaware require an immediate oral report to the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families, Division of Family Services. This report can be made by calling the 24-hour hotline at (800) 292-9582 . Following the initial oral report, the reporting party is required to follow up with a written report . Furthermore, Delaware law mandates that the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families will notify the Division of Professional Regulation of any child abuse allegations that are reported . This ensures that professional licensing boards are aware of potential misconduct by their licensees.  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are 29 Delaware Code § 8735(h) and Chapter 9 of Title 16 of the Delaware Code . These sections of the Delaware Code outline the legal obligations for reporting child abuse and neglect within the state.  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation

Currently, there is no information available from the provided snippets regarding the official Delaware state government website related to Adult Protective Services and their mandated reporting laws. Snippet pertains to Ohio, and therefore cannot be used for information about Delaware's adult protective services. To obtain accurate information on this topic, it would be necessary to consult the official Delaware state government website for the Department of Health and Social Services or the equivalent agency responsible for adult protective services.  

J. Florida

1. Child Abuse, Neglect, or Abandonment

Information regarding reporting child abuse, neglect, or abandonment in Florida is readily available through the Florida Abuse Hotline website at . Chapter 39 of the Florida Statutes (F.S.) establishes a clear mandate that any person who knows, or has reasonable cause to suspect, that a child is being abused, neglected, or abandoned by a parent, legal custodian, caregiver, or other person responsible for the child's welfare has a legal obligation to immediately report such knowledge or suspicion to the Florida Abuse Hotline . This broad mandate underscores the state's commitment to protecting its child population.  

While Florida law places a reporting responsibility on all individuals, it also designates certain occupations as "professionally mandatory reporters" . Individuals in these professions are specifically required by Florida Statute to provide their name to the Abuse Hotline Counselor when making a report . Although their name is entered into the record of the report, it is held confidential under § 39.202, F.S. and 415.107, F.S . This distinction acknowledges the heightened responsibility placed on professionals who work directly with children.  

The reporting procedures in Florida require immediate action. Reports should be made to the Florida Abuse Hotline by phone at 800-96-ABUSE (22873), via TDD at 800-453-5145, by fax at 800-914-0004, or online at http://reportabuse.dcf.state.fl.us . These multiple avenues for reporting ensure accessibility and facilitate timely intervention.  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Chapter 39 of the Florida Statutes (F.S.) . This chapter comprehensively addresses the issue of child abuse, neglect, and abandonment, including the definitions, reporting requirements, and the responsibilities of the Department of Children and Families. It is important to note that Florida law has increased the penalties for the willful failure to report known or suspected child abuse, abandonment, or neglect by a person who is required to report. Such an omission is now elevated from a first-degree misdemeanor to a third-degree felony, resulting in a potentially more severe prison sentence .  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect, Abandonment, Exploitation, or Self-Neglect

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Florida can be found on the Florida Department of Children and Families Adult Protective Services website at . Florida law mandates the reporting of known or suspected abuse, neglect, abandonment, exploitation, or self-neglect of vulnerable adults, defined as elderly or disabled individuals . Similar to child abuse reporting, Florida law requires that any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect any abuse of vulnerable adults must report that information to the Florida Abuse Hotline . This universal reporting requirement underscores the state's commitment to safeguarding its vulnerable adult population.  

The reporting procedures for vulnerable adult abuse mirror those for child abuse. Reports should be made to the Florida Abuse Hotline, which operates 24 hours a day and 7 days a week. The hotline can be reached by phone at 1-800-962-2873, or reports can be submitted online . In situations where a vulnerable adult is believed to be in immediate danger, the public is urged to call 911 for immediate assistance .  

The relevant statutory code governing the protection of vulnerable adults is Chapter 415 of the Florida Statutes (F.S.) . This chapter outlines the responsibilities of the Adult Protective Services Program in preventing further harm to vulnerable adults who are victims of abuse, neglect, exploitation, or self-neglect.  

K. Georgia

1. Child Abuse

Information regarding child abuse reporting in Georgia can be found on the official website of the Georgia Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS). Georgia law specifies a comprehensive list of individuals who are mandated to report suspected child abuse . This list includes a wide range of professionals who have regular contact with children. Among these are physicians, physician assistants, residents, interns, hospital and medical personnel, podiatrists, dentists, nurses, and nurse's aides . The mandate also extends to educational professionals such as teachers, school administrators, school counselors, visiting teachers, school social workers, and school psychologists . Mental health professionals, including psychologists, counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists, are also required to report . Furthermore, personnel from child welfare agencies, child-counseling organizations, and child service organizations (encompassing a variety of public, private, for-profit, not-for-profit, and voluntary entities providing care, treatment, education, etc., to children) are mandated reporters . Law enforcement personnel, reproductive health-care facility or pregnancy resource center personnel and volunteers, and individuals who process or produce visual or printed matter are also legally obligated to report suspected child abuse . This extensive list reflects Georgia's commitment to ensuring that potential instances of child maltreatment are identified across various sectors.  

The reporting procedures in Georgia stipulate that a mandated reporter must report suspected child abuse regardless of whether the reasonable cause for belief is based on privileged or confidential communication . A notable exception to this is for members of the clergy, who are not required to report child abuse disclosed solely within the context of confession or other similar communication required to be kept confidential under church doctrine or practice . However, if a clergy member receives information about child abuse from any other source, they are required to comply with the reporting requirements . If a person is mandated to report due to their employment or volunteer work at a hospital, school, social agency, or similar facility, they are required to notify the person in charge of the facility or their designated delegate . Once this notification is made, the employee or volunteer is deemed to have fully complied with their reporting obligation . Importantly, no person in charge of such a facility can exercise any control, restraint, or modification over the information provided by the reporter .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Annotated Code of Georgia § 19-7-5 . This section outlines the legal obligations and procedures for reporting child abuse in the state.  

2. Elder Person (65+) or Adult (18+) with a Disability Abuse, Neglect, and/or Exploitation

Information regarding the reporting of abuse, neglect, and exploitation of elder persons (65+) or adults (18+) with disabilities in Georgia is available on the website of the Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Aging Services Adult Protective Services at . Georgia law mandates that certain professionals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of these vulnerable adults who are living in the community . These individuals are designated as mandated reporters under state law.  

The reporting procedures in Georgia require immediate action if someone is in immediate danger by calling 911 . For non-emergency situations involving suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an elder person or an adult with a disability, reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-55AGING (+1 866-552-4464) and pressing "3" to reach Adult Protective Services (APS) . Reports can also be submitted online through the Georgia APS website .  

The relevant statutory codes governing the protection of these vulnerable adults are found in the Disabled Adults and Elder Persons Protection Act, Official Code of Georgia Annotated (O.C.G.A.) §§ 30-5-1, et seq.. This legislation outlines the responsibilities of APS in investigating all reports of abuse, neglect, and/or exploitation of older persons and adults with disabilities who do not reside in long-term care facilities. It is important to note that failure for a mandated reporter to report abuse, neglect, and/or exploitation of a disabled adult or elder person is punishable by a criminal misdemeanor under Georgia law .  

L. Hawaii

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Hawaii can be found on the official website of the Hawaii Department of Human Services (DHS). Hawaii law specifies that a mandated reporter who has reason to believe that child abuse or neglect has occurred has a legal duty to immediately report the matter orally to the Department of Human Services or the police department . This requirement emphasizes the importance of prompt action in response to suspected harm to children.  

Following the initial oral report, the mandated reporter is further required to submit a written report to the department as soon as possible . This written report serves to provide a more detailed account of the suspected abuse or neglect and can be crucial for the subsequent investigation.  

The relevant statutory code governing these reporting requirements is § 350-1.1 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes . This section specifically outlines the duty of mandated reporters in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect.  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Hawaii is available through the Hawaii Department of Human Services Social Services Division Adult Protective Services website at . Hawaii law mandates that certain professionals and personnel working in health care, social services, law enforcement, and financial assistance are required to report suspected abuse or neglect to APS . This reporting obligation is triggered when these professionals, in the performance of their professional or official duties, know or have reason to believe that a vulnerable adult has been abused, or when there is a danger of abuse if immediate action is not taken .  

The categories of mandated reporters in Hawaii include a wide range of professionals. Specifically, licensed or registered professionals of the healing arts and any health-related occupation who examine, attend, treat, or provide other professional or specialized services are mandated to report. This includes, but is not limited to, physicians, physicians in training, psychologists, dentists, nurses, osteopathic physicians and surgeons . Social workers are also included in the list of mandated reporters . It is important to note that while certain professionals are legally mandated to report, Hawaii law also encourages any person who has reason to believe that a vulnerable adult has been abused or is in danger of abuse to report their concerns to Adult Protective Services .  

The reporting procedures in Hawaii require mandated reporters to report abuse or neglect promptly to APS. This should be done by calling the APS office located nearest to the reporter. A list of APS offices is provided on the DHS website . APS offices operate during standard business hours, Monday through Friday, except for state holidays. If a report needs to be made after hours, on weekends, or holidays, the reporter is instructed to leave a message . Following an oral report, a written report must be completed and sent to the DHS APS. For convenience, a report form (DHS 1640, entitled "Report Form for Suspected Abuse and Neglect of Vulnerable Adults") is available on the DHS website for download .  

Hawaii law provides immunity from civil or criminal liability to anyone making a report of abuse or neglect in good faith. Additionally, any individual who assumes a duty or responsibility pursuant to the Adult Protective Services law is also granted immunity from civil liability for acts or omissions performed within the scope of their duty or responsibility . Conversely, a mandated reporter who knowingly fails to report an incident involving vulnerable adult abuse or neglect, or who willfully prevents another person from reporting such an incident, is guilty of a petty misdemeanor under Hawaii law .  

M. Idaho

1. Child Abuse, Abandonment, or Neglect

Information regarding child abuse in Idaho is available through the National Family Justice Center Alliance at . Idaho Statute 16-1605 establishes the legal obligation for reporting suspected child maltreatment. Specifically, any person who has reason to believe that a child under the age of 18 years has been abused, abandoned, or neglected, or who observes a child being subjected to conditions or circumstances that would reasonably result in abuse, abandonment, or neglect, is legally required to report this information within 24 hours . This broad mandate underscores the state's commitment to ensuring the safety and well-being of children.  

The reporting procedure in Idaho is straightforward. Any person with a suspicion of child abuse, abandonment, or neglect should make a report by calling the statewide toll-free number: 1-855-552-5437 . This centralized reporting system aims to facilitate the prompt intake and response to concerns about child safety.  

The relevant statutory code governing this requirement is Idaho Statute 16-1605 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the timeframe within which the report must be made.  

2. Vulnerable Adult Maltreatment

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Idaho can be found on the website of the Idaho Commission on Aging. Idaho Statute § 39-5303 outlines the duty to report cases of vulnerable adult maltreatment . This statute specifies the categories of professionals who are mandated to report suspected maltreatment.  

The mandated reporters in Idaho for vulnerable adult maltreatment include licensed medical professionals, emergency services personnel, facility employees, skilled nursing facility employees, and employees of any entity responsible for providing care to a vulnerable adult . Medical examiners, social workers, and law enforcement personnel are also legally obligated to report if they have reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is being maltreated . It is important to note an exemption for Ombudsmen recognized by the commission, who are not required to report maltreatment discovered in the course of their duties .  

The reporting procedures in Idaho require that when a mandated reporter has reasonable cause to believe that maltreatment has occurred, they are required to immediately report the suspected abuse to the commission or its providers . Furthermore, if there is reasonable cause to believe that the maltreatment has resulted in the death or serious physical injury that jeopardizes the life, health, or safety of a vulnerable adult, any person required to report under this section must also report such information as expeditiously as possible to the appropriate law enforcement agency .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Section 39-5303 of the Idaho Code . This section also specifies that failure to report as provided under this statute is classified as a misdemeanor, subject to punishment as outlined in section 18-113 of the Idaho Code . Additionally, Idaho law encourages broader reporting by stating that any person, including any officer or employee of a financial institution, who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is being abused, neglected, or exploited may report such information to the commission or its providers .  

N. Illinois

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Illinois can be found on the official website of the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). Illinois law specifies that any mandated reporter who has reasonable cause to believe that a child known to them in their professional or official capacity may be an abused or neglected child has a legal duty to immediately report or cause a report to be made to the Department of Children and Family Services . The statewide toll-free number for reporting child abuse or neglect in Illinois is 1-800-25-ABUSE.  

Following the initial oral report, Illinois law requires that all reports made by mandated reporters must be confirmed in writing to the appropriate child protective service unit . This written confirmation should be submitted within 48 hours of the initial report and can be done using forms supplied by the department . Additionally, Illinois law mandates that a mandated reporter or any other person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has died as a result of abuse or neglect must report this information to the appropriate medical examiner .  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are found within the Consolidated Statutes of Illinois, Chapter 325, specifically §§ 5/4, 5/4.5, and 5/7, which outline the general reporting obligations and the definition of mandated reporters . Section 5/4.1 pertains to the reporting of child deaths due to abuse or neglect, and § 5/7.3b addresses the referral of substance-exposed pregnant persons .  

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation and Self-Neglect of Adults Age 60 or Older and People with Disabilities Age 18-59

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Illinois is available on the Illinois Department on Aging Adult Protective Services website at . Illinois law requires certain professionals to report suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, and self-neglect of adults aged 60 or older and people with disabilities aged 18-59 who are unable, due to some form of dysfunction, to report for themselves . This mandatory reporting obligation applies to individuals delivering professional services to these populations in the fields of social services, adult care, law enforcement, education, and medicine, as well as those in state service to seniors and social workers . It is important to note that these mandatory reporting requirements only apply when the reporter believes that the adult is not capable of reporting the abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation themselves .  

The reporting procedure in Illinois requires that suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, and self-neglect should be reported by calling the statewide, 24-hour Adult Protective Services Hotline: 1-866-800-1409 . For residents who live in nursing facilities, reports should be made to the Illinois Department of Public Health's Nursing Home Complaint Hotline at 1-800-252-4343 . For residents in Supportive Living Program (SLP) settings, the appropriate hotline is the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services' SLP Complaint Hotline, which can be reached at 1-844-528-8444 .  

Illinois law provides protections for individuals who report suspected abuse in good faith. People who report suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, or self-neglect, or who cooperate with an investigation, are immune from criminal or civil liability or professional disciplinary action . Furthermore, the identity of the reporter is kept confidential, except with the written permission of the reporter or by order of a court . Anonymous reports are also accepted .  

O. Indiana

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding reporting child abuse or neglect in Indiana is available through the Indiana Department of Child Services (DCS). Indiana law establishes a universal mandate, stating that all citizens within the state are considered mandated reporters . This means that if any individual at any time suspects the abuse or neglect of a child, they are legally obligated to contact the appropriate authorities . This broad responsibility underscores the state's commitment to child protection.  

The procedure for making a report of suspected child abuse or neglect in Indiana is to call the statewide toll-free number: 800-800-5556 . This centralized hotline serves as the primary point of contact for reporting concerns about child welfare.  

2. Neglect, Battery or Exploitation of an Endangered Adult

Information regarding the protection of endangered adults in Indiana is available on the Indiana Family and Social Services Administration Adult Protective Services website at . Indiana law mandates that everyone is required to report cases of suspected neglect, battery, or exploitation of an endangered adult to an APS unit or law enforcement . This universal reporting obligation emphasizes the state's commitment to safeguarding vulnerable adults.  

Indiana law defines an "endangered adult" as an individual who is 18 years of age or older and who meets specific criteria. These criteria include being incapable, by reason of mental illness, intellectual disability, dementia, habitual drunkenness, excessive drug use, or other physical or mental incapacity, of managing their property or providing self-care . Additionally, the individual must be harmed or threatened with harm as a result of neglect, battery, or exploitation of their personal services or property .  

The reporting procedures in Indiana allow individuals to file a report online or by calling the state hotline at 800-992-6978. Reports can also be made by calling an APS field office. All reports are kept secure and confidential . It is important to note that APS is not an emergency responder; if an individual believes someone is in immediate danger, they should call 911 immediately .  

P. Iowa

1. Child Abuse

Information regarding mandatory reporters in Iowa can be found on the Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website at . Iowa law requires mandatory reporters to make an oral report of suspected abuse within 24 hours when they reasonably believe a child has suffered abuse, as defined in Iowa Code section 232.69 .  

In Iowa, a child is legally defined as any person under the age of 18 years, according to Iowa Code section 232.68 . The state defines several categories of child abuse, including physical abuse, mental injury, sexual abuse, prostitution of a child, the presence of illegal drugs in a child's body, denial of critical care, exposure to dangerous substances, bestiality in the presence of a child, allowing access to a registered sex offender, allowing access to obscene materials, and child sex trafficking . The abuse must be the result of the acts or omissions of a person responsible for the care of the child, a person 14 years or older residing in the home with the child (if the allegation is sexual abuse), or a person who engages in or allows sex trafficking .  

The list of mandatory reporters in Iowa includes parents, guardians, foster parents, relatives or any other person with whom the child resides and who assumes care or supervision . It also includes employees or agents of any public or private facility providing care for a child, such as institutions, hospitals, health care facilities, group homes, mental health centers, residential treatment centers, shelter care facilities, detention centers, or child care facilities . This also encompasses individuals who assume responsibility for the care or supervision of a child through verbal or written agreement or implicitly through willingly taking on the care-taking role .  

The reporting procedure in Iowa requires mandatory reporters to call 911 or make an oral report to law enforcement when they believe a child is in need of immediate protection .  

The relevant statutory codes include Iowa Code sections 232.69 (mandatory reporters), 232.68 (definition of child and child abuse), 232.70 (reporting procedures and rights of reporters), 232.73 (immunity for reporters), and Iowa Administrative Code 441—176.5(2) (emergency reporting) . Iowa law grants mandatory reporters the right to make a report, take photographs or X-rays, perform medically relevant tests, and aid in an assessment without interference from their employer . Mandatory reporters are also entitled to immunity from civil or criminal liability for good faith participation in these activities . Furthermore, Iowa mandates core child and/or dependent adult abuse mandatory reporter training within six months of initial employment and every three years thereafter .  

2. Dependent Adult Abuse

Information regarding mandatory reporters in Iowa also pertains to dependent adult abuse, as outlined on the Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website at . Similar to child abuse, Iowa law requires mandatory reporters to make an oral report of suspected abuse within 24 hours when they reasonably believe a dependent adult has suffered abuse, as defined in Iowa Code section 235B.3(2) .  

Iowa law defines a "dependent adult" as a person eighteen years of age or older who is unable to protect their own interests or adequately perform or obtain services necessary to meet essential human needs due to a physical or mental condition requiring assistance from another .  

Mandatory reporters of dependent adult abuse in Iowa are entitled to immunity from any civil or criminal liability that might otherwise be incurred or imposed based upon the act of making the report or giving assistance, provided they act in good faith . This immunity also extends to participating in good faith in any judicial proceeding resulting from the report or related to its subject matter . As with child abuse reporting, Iowa mandates core child and/or dependent adult abuse mandatory reporter training within six months of initial employment and every three years thereafter .  

Q. Kansas

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Kansas can be found on the official website of the Kansas Department for Children and Families (DCF). Kansas law mandates that when any mandated reporter has reason to suspect that a child has been harmed as a result of physical, mental, or emotional abuse or neglect, or sexual abuse, the person has a legal obligation to report the matter promptly . This report can be made orally, and a written report should follow if requested by the receiving agency .  

Kansas law also specifies that a mandated reporter who has information relating to the death of a child has a duty to immediately notify the coroner, as provided by § 22a-242 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated . This ensures that suspicious child deaths are properly investigated.  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are Kansas Statutes Annotated § 38-2223, which outlines the duty to report child abuse and neglect, and § 22a-242, which pertains to the notification of the coroner in cases of child death . Upon receiving a report of suspected child abuse or neglect, DCF and law enforcement officers have a legal duty to receive and investigate these reports to determine their validity and whether action is required to protect the child from further harm . Based on the allegations in the report, cases are assigned either a same-day or a 72-hour response time, depending on the level of risk to the child . The statewide hotline for reporting child or adult abuse or neglect in Kansas is 1-800-922-5330 .  

2. Abuse, Neglect or Exploitation of Certain Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Kansas is available on the Kansas DCF Adult Protective Services page concerning mandatory reporters at . Kansas law specifies a list of professionals who are mandated to report the abuse, neglect, or exploitation of certain adults, or their need for protective services .  

The mandated reporters in Kansas include any person licensed to practice any branch of the healing arts, a licensed psychologist, a licensed master level psychologist, a licensed clinical psychotherapist, the chief administrative officer of a medical care facility, a teacher, a licensed social worker, and a licensed professional nurse . Additionally, employees of certain state agencies, as defined in Kansas Statute 75-3307b, who have reasonable cause to believe that an adult is being or has been abused, neglected, or exploited, or is in need of protective services, are also mandated reporters . It is important to note that an employee of a domestic violence center is specifically exempt from the mandatory reporting requirements under this subsection .  

The reporting procedures in Kansas require mandated reporters to report such information or cause a report to be made immediately upon receiving the information, and this can be done in any reasonable manner . Reports should be made to DCF during normal working weekdays and hours of operation. When DCF is not operating, reports should be made to law enforcement agencies . Other state agencies that receive reports intended for DCF and law enforcement are required to submit these reports to both entities within six hours, during normal workdays, of receiving the information . Law enforcement agencies that initially receive such reports are required to submit the report and appropriate information to DCF on the first working day that DCF is in operation after receiving the information . The statewide hotline for reporting child or adult abuse or neglect is 1-800-922-5330 .  

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Kansas Statutes Annotated 39-1431 . This statute outlines the specific obligations of mandated reporters concerning the abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults in Kansas and specifies that failure to report is subject to penalty .  

R. Kentucky

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Kentucky can be found on the official website of the Kentucky Department for Community Based Services (DCBS). Kentucky law establishes a broad mandate, stating that any person who knows or has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected has a legal obligation to immediately make an oral or written report, by telephone or otherwise . This inclusive mandate underscores the state's commitment to child protection. Furthermore, if requested, a mandated reporter is required to file a written report within 48 hours of the original report .  

The relevant statutory code governing this requirement is Kentucky Revised Statute § 620.030 . This statute outlines the duty to report child abuse or neglect in the state. The toll-free numbers for reporting child and/or adult abuse, neglect, and/or exploitation in Kentucky are (877) 597-2331 (or 877-KYSAFE1) and (800) 752-6200 . Online reporting is also available for non-emergency situations through the Kentucky Child/Adult Protective Services Reporting System .  

2. Abuse, Neglect or Exploitation of an Adult

Information regarding the protection of adults from abuse, neglect, or exploitation in Kentucky is available on the Kentucky DCBS Adult Protection Branch website at . Kentucky law specifies several categories of individuals who are mandated to report suspected maltreatment of adults .  

The mandated reporters in Kentucky for adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation include physicians, law enforcement officers, nurses, and social workers . The list also encompasses personnel from the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, coroners, medical examiners, and employees or caretakers at alternate care facilities . Kentucky law requires that any person, including these mandated reporters, who has reasonable cause to suspect that an adult has suffered abuse, neglect, or exploitation, is legally obligated to report or cause a report to be made . Importantly, the death of the adult does not relieve one of the responsibility to report the circumstances surrounding the death .  

The reporting procedure in Kentucky requires that reports of suspected adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation should be made by calling the toll-free numbers: (877) 597-2331 (or 877-KYSAFE1) or (800) 752-6200 . The online Kentucky Child/Adult Protective Services Reporting System is also available for reporting non-emergency situations that do not require an immediate response from DCBS staff . This website is monitored during standard business hours, Monday through Friday .  

The relevant statutory code pertaining to the definition of adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation and the reporting requirements is Kentucky Revised Statute § 209.020 (4) .  

S. Louisiana

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Louisiana can be found on the official website of the Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). Louisiana law specifies a comprehensive list of individuals who are mandated to report suspected child abuse or neglect . This list includes a wide range of professionals who have regular contact with children. Among these are health practitioners such as physicians, surgeons, physical therapists, dentists, residents, interns, hospital staff, outpatient abortion facility staff members, podiatrists, chiropractors, nurses, nursing aides, dental hygienists, emergency medical technicians, paramedics, optometrists, and medical examiners . The mandate also extends to school personnel, including administrators, teachers, counselors, and other employees . Social workers, probation officers, parole officers, and law enforcement officers are also required to report . Furthermore, staff members of licensed child care facilities and private residential homes for children are mandated reporters . Clergy members are also included, with a specific exception for confidential communications received during confession . Additionally, commercial film or photographic print processors who have knowledge of or observe any film, photograph, etc., depicting a child under 17 in child pornography are required to report . Finally, physicians who have cause to believe that a newborn was exposed in utero to unlawful substances or observes symptoms of withdrawal due to maternal alcohol use during pregnancy are also mandated to report . This extensive list reflects Louisiana's commitment to ensuring that potential instances of child maltreatment are identified across various sectors.  

The reporting procedures in Louisiana require that a reporter has cause to believe that a child's physical or mental health or welfare is endangered due to abuse or neglect . Commercial film processors must report knowledge of child pornography, and physicians must report suspected substance-exposed newborns or newborns with withdrawal due to maternal alcohol use . The report must include the reporter's name and address . Reports should be made to the toll-free hotline: 1-855-4LA-KIDS (1-855-452-5437).  

The relevant statutory codes governing these requirements are Children's Code Articles 609 and 610 . Louisiana also offers training to familiarize mandatory reporters with their legal mandate for reporting suspected child abuse and neglect .  

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation, and Extortion of Adults with Disabilities

Information regarding the protection of adults with disabilities in Louisiana is available on the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) Adult Protective Services website at . The Adult Protective Services Reporting Law, Louisiana Revised Statute (R.S.) 14:403.2, mandates that all Louisianans are required to report abuse, neglect, exploitation, and extortion of adults with disabilities . This universal reporting obligation underscores the state's commitment to safeguarding this vulnerable population.  

The reporting procedures in Louisiana allow reports to be made without the reporter having to provide their name . However, providing contact information is helpful for investigations if additional details are needed . When making a report to APS, individuals should provide as much information as possible, including the name and location of the alleged victim, as well as details regarding the alleged abuse . The toll-free hotline for reporting is 1-800-898-4910 .  

The relevant statutory code governing this requirement is Louisiana R.S. 14:403.2 . This law grants immunity to any citizen who reports in good faith and cooperates in an investigation by the protective service agency . It also provides for criminal penalties for persons who know of incidents and fail to report or who knowingly make false reports .  

T. Maine

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding mandated reporter requirements in Maine can be found on the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) website at . Maine law requires certain professionals, including licensed health professionals, who suspect child abuse and neglect to report to the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) . Additionally, these professionals are required to obtain mandated reporter training once every four years . The reporting procedure involves contacting the DHHS Office of Child and Family Services (OCFS). The hotline number for reporting suspected child abuse and neglect is 1-800-452-1999 .  

2. Abuse, Neglect or Exploitation of an Incapacitated or Dependent Adult

Information regarding the protection of incapacitated or dependent adults in Maine is available through the Maine DHHS Office of Aging and Disability Services (OADS) Adult Protective Services (APS) website at . Maine law mandates that certain professionals, including licensed health professionals, who suspect abuse, neglect, or exploitation of an incapacitated or dependent adult must report to the Maine Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) .  

A mandated reporter for APS is defined as anyone who has a full, intermittent, or occasional responsibility for the care or custody of an incapacitated or dependent adult, regardless of whether they receive payment . A complete list of professionals required to report to APS is available on the website . Maine law requires these individuals to report immediately to Adult Protective Services at 1-800-624-8404 when they know or have reasonable cause to suspect that an incapacitated or dependent adult has been or is likely to be abused, neglected, or exploited . State law also requires that all APS mandated reporters complete a training approved by the department at least once every four years .  

U. Maryland

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding reporting suspected child abuse or neglect in Maryland is available on the Maryland Department of Human Services (DHS) Child Protective Services website at . Maryland law requires mandated reporters to notify the local department of social services or the appropriate law enforcement agency about suspected cases of child abuse or neglect as soon as possible . A verbal report should be made immediately upon suspicion, and a reporting form (DHR/SSA 180) must be completed within 48 hours following the verbal report . A copy of the form must also be provided to the local State's Attorney's office . If the reporter is employed in a hospital, school, or similar institution, they must immediately notify the head of the institution, but this notification does not replace the requirement to call the local department and complete the form . The relevant statutory code is Family Law, § 5-704 (a)(2) . Anyone making a "good faith" report is immune from civil liability and criminal penalty .  

2. Abuse, Neglect, Self-Neglect, or Exploitation of Adults (18+) Lacking Capacity

Information regarding the protection of adults lacking capacity in Maryland is available on the Maryland DHS Office of Adult Services Adult Protective Services website at . Maryland law requires any banking institution (in cases of financial exploitation), health practitioner, police officer, or human service worker who has reason to believe that a vulnerable adult is in danger to report that fact to the local department of social services . Any concerned person may also make such a report . Additionally, employees of banking institutions are required to report suspected financial exploitation of an elderly person . The relevant statutory code is Section 14-309 of the Family Law Article, Annotated Code of Maryland . Persons who report suspected incidents in good faith are protected under the law .  

V. Massachusetts

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding reporting child abuse or neglect as a mandated reporter in Massachusetts is available on the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families (DCF) website at . Mandated reporters, such as teachers, nurses, or police officers, are legally required to complete a written report within 48 hours of calling to report child abuse or neglect . However, the written report does not replace the initial requirement to call first . Mandated reporters must immediately call the DCF area office that serves the city or town where the child lives. During nights, weekends, and holidays, the Child-at-Risk Hotline should be called at (800)792-5200 . After calling, a written report must be submitted within 48 hours online, by fax, or mail .  

2. Abuse in Adults Aged 60+

Information regarding mandated reporters of abuse in adults aged 60+ in Massachusetts is available on the Massachusetts Executive Office of Aging & Independence Adult Protective Services website at . The mandated reporters of abuse in adults aged 60+ in Massachusetts include physicians, physician assistants, nurses, medical interns, coroners, dentists, podiatrists, osteopaths, and social workers . Reports can be filed 24 hours a day by phone at (800) 922-2275 or online . In cases of emergency, reporting should be done by phone . If reporting by phone as a mandated reporter, the Elder Abuse Mandated Reporter Form must also be submitted within 48 hours to the local Adult Protective Services agency . If a report is filed online, there is no need to call or fill out the form . Mandated reporters who fail to report abuse may be subject to a fine . Adult Protective Services in Massachusetts can only investigate cases of abuse where the person is age 60 and over and lives in the community .  

W. Michigan

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding mandated reporters in Michigan is available on the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) website at . Michigan Child Protection Law requires certain professionals to report their suspicions of child abuse or neglect to Centralized Intake (CI) at MDHHS . The list of mandated reporters is extensive and includes physicians, licensed emergency medical care providers, licensed master...source Within 72 hours after making an oral report, the reporting person must file a written report (DHS-3200) unless the report was made online . The relevant statutory code is Michigan Child Protection Law (MCL 722.625) . The identity of the reporter is confidential . Failure to report can lead to civil and criminal liability (a misdemeanor) .  

2. Vulnerable Adult Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation

Currently, there is no information available from the provided snippets regarding the official Michigan state government website related to Adult Protective Services and their mandated reporting laws. Snippets and focus exclusively on child protection laws in Michigan. To obtain accurate information on this topic, it would be necessary to consult the official Michigan state government website for the Department of Health and Human Services or the equivalent agency responsible for adult protective services.  

X. Minnesota

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Minnesota can be found on the official website of the Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS). Minnesota law states that any person may voluntarily report abuse or neglect of a child . However, if an individual works with children in a licensed facility, they are legally required or mandated to report and cannot delegate this responsibility to anyone else . If a person knows or has reason to believe that a child is being or has been neglected or physically or sexually abused within the preceding three years, they must immediately (within 24 hours) make a report to an outside agency . If the suspected abuse or neglect is occurring within a licensed family child care program, within a family, or in the community, the report should be made to the local county social services agency . In cases where the report does not involve possible abuse or neglect but does involve possible violations of Minnesota Statutes or Rules governing the facility, the local county social service agency should also be contacted . If immediate danger is suspected, 9-1-1 should be called . An oral report of suspected abuse or neglect made by a mandated reporter must be followed by a written report to the same agency within 72 hours, excluding weekends and holidays . Minnesota Statutes, section 626.556, contains definitions of maltreatment . Employers are prohibited from retaliating against mandated reporters for reports made in good faith .  

2. Maltreatment of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Minnesota is available on the Minnesota DHS website at . Minnesota Statutes 626.557, known as the Vulnerable Adult Maltreatment Reporting Act (VAMR), governs the reporting and response to suspected maltreatment of adults who are vulnerable . Policy, procedure, and training information for mandated reporters and adult protective services (APS) regarding Minnesota's system is available on the DHS website . The lead investigative agency (LIA) for reports involving a service provider is identified in a document available on the DHS website .  

Y. Mississippi

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding child abuse and neglect reporting in Mississippi can be found on the official website of the Mississippi Department of Child Protection Services (CPS) at [86]. Mississippi law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [86].

The mandated reporters in Mississippi include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [86]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [86].

The reporting procedure in Mississippi requires an immediate report to CPS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-222-8000 [86]. Online reporting is also available through the CPS website [86].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Mississippi Code § 43-21-353 [86]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Mississippi is available on the Mississippi Department of Human Services (DHS) Division of Aging and Adult Services website at [87]. Mississippi law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults [87].

The mandated reporters in Mississippi include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [87]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [87].

The reporting procedure in Mississippi requires an immediate report to DHS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-844-437-6282 [87].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Mississippi Code § 43-47-7 [87]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

Z. Missouri

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Missouri can be found on the official website of the Missouri Department of Social Services (DSS) Children's Division at [88]. Missouri law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [88].

The mandated reporters in Missouri include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [88]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [88].

The reporting procedure in Missouri requires an immediate report to the Children's Division. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-392-3738 [88]. Online reporting is also available through the DSS website [88].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Missouri Revised Statutes § 210.115 [88]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Missouri is available on the Missouri DSS Adult Protective Services website at [89]. Missouri law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults [89].

The mandated reporters in Missouri include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [89]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [89].

The reporting procedure in Missouri requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-392-0210 [89].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Missouri Revised Statutes § 192.2000 [89]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

AA. Montana

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Montana can be found on the official website of the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services (DPHHS) Child and Family Services Division at [90]. Montana law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [90].

The mandated reporters in Montana include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [90]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [90].

The reporting procedure in Montana requires an immediate report to the Child and Family Services Division. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-820-5437 [90].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Montana Code Annotated § 41-3-201 [90]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Elderly Adults and Adults with Developmental Disabilities

Information regarding the protection of elderly adults and adults with developmental disabilities in Montana is available on the Montana DPHHS Senior and Long Term Care Division website at [91]. Montana law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of these vulnerable adults [91].

The mandated reporters in Montana include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [91]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly adult or an adult with developmental disabilities is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [91].

The reporting procedure in Montana requires an immediate report to the Senior and Long Term Care Division. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-888-835-3594 [91].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Montana Code Annotated § 52-3-811 [91]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of elderly adults and adults with developmental disabilities in the state.

BB. Nebraska

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Nebraska can be found on the official website of the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Children and Family Services at [92]. Nebraska law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [92].

The mandated reporters in Nebraska include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [92]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [92].

The reporting procedure in Nebraska requires an immediate report to the Children and Family Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-652-1999 [92]. Online reporting is also available through the DHHS website [92].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Nebraska Revised Statute § 28-704 [92]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Nebraska is available on the Nebraska DHHS Division of Aging and Disability Services at [93]. Nebraska law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults [93].

The mandated reporters in Nebraska include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [93]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [93].

The reporting procedure in Nebraska requires an immediate report to the Division of Aging and Disability Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-642-6064 [93].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Nebraska Revised Statute § 28-372 [93]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

CC. Nevada

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Nevada can be found on the official website of the Nevada Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Division of Child and Family Services at [94]. Nevada law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [94].

The mandated reporters in Nevada include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [94]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [94].

The reporting procedure in Nevada requires an immediate report to the Division of Child and Family Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-833-609-5437 [94].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Nevada Revised Statute § 432B.220 [94]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation, Isolation or Abandonment of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Nevada is available on the Nevada Aging and Disability Services Division website at [95]. Nevada law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, isolation, or abandonment of vulnerable adults [95].

The mandated reporters in Nevada include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [95]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, exploited, isolated, or abandoned is required to report [95].

The reporting procedure in Nevada requires an immediate report to the Aging and Disability Services Division. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-888-729-0571 [95].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Nevada Revised Statute § 432E.150 [95]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, exploitation, isolation, or abandonment of vulnerable adults in the state.

DD. New Hampshire

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in New Hampshire can be found on the official website of the New Hampshire Department for Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) at [96]. New Hampshire law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [96].

The mandated reporters in New Hampshire include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [96]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [96].

The reporting procedure in New Hampshire requires an immediate report to DCYF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-894-5533 [96].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated § 169-C:3 [96]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Elderly and Incapacitated Adults

Information regarding the protection of elderly and incapacitated adults in New Hampshire is available on the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services website at [97]. New Hampshire law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of these vulnerable adults [97].

The mandated reporters in New Hampshire include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [97]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly or incapacitated adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [97].

The reporting procedure in New Hampshire requires an immediate report to the Bureau of Elderly and Adult Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-949-0470 [97].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated § 161-F:43 [97]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of elderly and incapacitated adults in the state.

EE. New Jersey

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in New Jersey can be found on the official website of the New Jersey Department of Children and Families (DCF) at [98]. New Jersey law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [98].

The mandated reporters in New Jersey include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [98]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [98].

The reporting procedure in New Jersey requires an immediate report to DCF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-877-NJ-ABUSE (1-877-652-2873) [98].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Jersey Statutes Annotated § 9:6-8.10 [98]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Elderly and Disabled Persons

Information regarding the protection of elderly and disabled persons in New Jersey is available on the New Jersey Department of Human Services Division of Aging Services website at [99]. New Jersey law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of these vulnerable adults [99].

The mandated reporters in New Jersey include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [99]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly or disabled person is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [99].

The reporting procedure in New Jersey requires an immediate report to the Division of Aging Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-624-0519 [99].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Jersey Statutes Annotated § 52:27G-7.1 [99]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of elderly and disabled persons in the state.

FF. New Mexico

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in New Mexico can be found on the official website of the New Mexico Children, Youth and Families Department (CYFD) at [100]. New Mexico law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [100].

The mandated reporters in New Mexico include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [100]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [100].

The reporting procedure in New Mexico requires an immediate report to CYFD. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-855-333-9991 [100].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Mexico Statutes Annotated § 32A-4-3 [100]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in New Mexico is available on the New Mexico Aging and Long-Term Services Department (ALTSD) Adult Protective Services website at [101]. New Mexico law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults [101].

The mandated reporters in New Mexico include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers [101]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report [101].

The reporting procedure in New Mexico requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-654-3219 [101].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New Mexico Statutes Annotated § 27-7-30 [101]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

GG. New York

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in New York can be found on the official website of the New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) at [102]. New York law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect [102].

The mandated reporters in New York include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers [102]. Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report [102].

The reporting procedure in New York requires an immediate report to the Statewide Central Register of Child Abuse and Maltreatment. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-342-3720 [102].

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New York Social Services Law § 413 [102]. This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in New York is available on the New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) Adult Protective Services website at . New York law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in New York include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in New York requires an immediate report to the Statewide Central Register for Adult Abuse and Maltreatment. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-844-692-7369 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is New York Social Services Law § 473 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

HH. North Carolina

1. Child Abuse, Neglect, or Dependency

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse, neglect, or dependency in North Carolina can be found on the official website of the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS) Division of Social Services at . North Carolina law mandates that any person who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused, neglected, or dependent must report the case to the county department of social services in the county where the child resides or is found .

The mandated reporters in North Carolina include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused, neglected, or dependent is required to report .

The reporting procedure in North Carolina requires an immediate report to the county department of social services. Reports can be made by calling the local county DSS office or the statewide toll-free number 1-800-422-4453 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is North Carolina General Statute § 7B-301 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse, neglect, or dependency in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Disabled Adults

Information regarding the protection of disabled adults in North Carolina is available on the NCDHHS Division of Aging and Adult Services website at . North Carolina law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of disabled adults .

The mandated reporters in North Carolina include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a disabled adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in North Carolina requires an immediate report to the county department of social services. Reports can be made by calling the local county DSS office or the statewide toll-free number 1-800-624-3004 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is North Carolina General Statute § 108A-102 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of disabled adults in the state.

II. North Dakota

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in North Dakota can be found on the official website of the North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services (NDHHS) Children and Family Services Division at . North Dakota law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in North Dakota include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in North Dakota requires an immediate report to the Children and Family Services Division. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-472-2624 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is North Dakota Century Code § 50-25.1-03 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in North Dakota is available on the North Dakota NDHHS Adult Protective Services website at . North Dakota law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in North Dakota include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in North Dakota requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-472-2624 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is North Dakota Century Code § 50-25.2-03 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

JJ. Ohio

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Ohio can be found on the official website of the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS) at . Ohio law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Ohio include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Ohio requires an immediate report to the local public children services agency (PCSA). Reports can be made by calling the local PCSA or the statewide toll-free number 1-855-OHIO-CPS (1-855-6446-277) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Ohio Revised Code § 2151.421 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Adults

Information regarding the protection of adults from abuse, neglect, or exploitation in Ohio is available on the ODJFS Adult Protective Services website at . Ohio law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults .

The mandated reporters in Ohio include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Ohio requires an immediate report to the county department of job and family services (CDJFS). Reports can be made by calling the local CDJFS or the statewide toll-free number 1-855-OHIO-APS (1-855-6446-277) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Ohio Revised Code § 5101.61 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults in the state.

KK. Oklahoma

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Oklahoma can be found on the official website of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services (OKDHS) at . Oklahoma law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Oklahoma include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Oklahoma requires an immediate report to OKDHS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-522-8014 . Online reporting is also available through the OKDHS website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Oklahoma Statutes Title 21 § 846 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Oklahoma is available on the OKDHS Adult Protective Services website at . Oklahoma law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Oklahoma include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Oklahoma requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-522-8014 . Online reporting is also available through the OKDHS website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Oklahoma Statutes Title 43A § 10-104 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

LL. Oregon

1. Child Abuse

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse in Oregon can be found on the official website of the Oregon Department of Human Services (ODHS) Child Welfare Division at . Oregon law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse .

The mandated reporters in Oregon include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Oregon requires an immediate report to ODHS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-855-503-SAFE (7233) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Oregon Revised Statute § 419B.010 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse in the state.

2. Abuse of Elderly Persons and Persons with Disabilities

Information regarding the protection of elderly persons and persons with disabilities in Oregon is available on the ODHS Aging and People with Disabilities website at . Oregon law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse of these vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Oregon include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person or a person with a disability has been abused is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Oregon requires an immediate report to ODHS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-842-6730 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Oregon Revised Statute § 124.050 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse of elderly persons and persons with disabilities in the state.

MM. Pennsylvania

1. Child Abuse

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse in Pennsylvania can be found on the official website of the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (DHS) at . Pennsylvania law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse .

The mandated reporters in Pennsylvania include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Pennsylvania requires an immediate report to ChildLine. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-479-4420 . Online reporting is also available through the DHS website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 23 § 6311 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation or Abandonment of an Older Adult or an Adult with Disabilities

Information regarding the protection of older adults and adults with disabilities in Pennsylvania is available on the Pennsylvania Department of Aging website at . Pennsylvania law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment of these vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Pennsylvania include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an older adult or an adult with disabilities has been abused, neglected, exploited, or abandoned is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Pennsylvania requires an immediate report to the Pennsylvania Protective Services Adult Protective Services (APS) Program. Reports can be made by calling the statewide, toll-free helpline at 1-800-490-8505 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes Title 35 § 10225.103 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment of an older adult or an adult with disabilities in the state.

NN. Rhode Island

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Rhode Island can be found on the official website of the Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) at . Rhode Island law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Rhode Island include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Rhode Island requires an immediate report to DCYF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-RI-CHILD (1-800-742-4453) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Rhode Island General Laws § 40-11-3 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation or Financial Exploitation of Elderly Adults and Adults with Disabilities

Information regarding the protection of elderly adults and adults with disabilities in Rhode Island is available on the Rhode Island Department of Human Services (DHS) Division of Elderly Affairs website at . Rhode Island law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, exploitation, or financial exploitation of these vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Rhode Island include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly adult or an adult with disabilities has been abused, neglected, exploited, or financially exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Rhode Island requires an immediate report to the Division of Elderly Affairs. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-ELDER-RI (1-866-353-3774) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Rhode Island General Laws § 42-66-8 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, exploitation, or financial exploitation of elderly adults and adults with disabilities in the state.

OO. South Carolina

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in South Carolina can be found on the official website of the South Carolina Department of Social Services (SCDSS) at . South Carolina law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in South Carolina include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in South Carolina requires an immediate report to SCDSS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-888-CARE4US (1-888-227-3487) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is South Carolina Code of Laws § 63-7-510 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in South Carolina is available on the SCDSS Adult Protective Services website at . South Carolina law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in South Carolina include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in South Carolina requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-677-8898 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is South Carolina Code of Laws § 43-35-10 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

PP. South Dakota

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in South Dakota can be found on the official website of the South Dakota Department of Social Services (DSS) at . South Dakota law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in South Dakota include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in South Dakota requires an immediate report to DSS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-877-244-0877 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is South Dakota Codified Laws § 26-8A-3 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Adults

Information regarding the protection of adults from abuse, neglect, or exploitation in South Dakota is available on the South Dakota DSS Adult Protective Services website at . South Dakota law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults .

The mandated reporters in South Dakota include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in South Dakota requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-843-0001 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is South Dakota Codified Laws § 28-1-25 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults in the state.

QQ. Tennessee

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Tennessee can be found on the official website of the Tennessee Department of Children's Services (DCS) at . Tennessee law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Tennessee include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Tennessee requires an immediate report to DCS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-877-237-0004 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Tennessee Code Annotated § 37-1-403 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Adults

Information regarding the protection of adults from abuse, neglect, or exploitation in Tennessee is available on the Tennessee Commission on Aging and Disability website at . Tennessee law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults .

The mandated reporters in Tennessee include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Tennessee requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-888-APS-TENN (1-888-277-8366) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Tennessee Code Annotated § 71-6-103 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults in the state.

RR. Texas

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Texas can be found on the official website of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) at . Texas law mandates that any person who has cause to believe that a child's physical or mental health or welfare has been adversely affected by abuse or neglect¹ by any person has a legal obligation to immediately make a report .

The mandated reporters in Texas include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Texas requires an immediate report to DFPS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-252-5400 . Online reporting is also available through the DFPS website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Texas Family Code § 261.101 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse or neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Elderly or Disabled Adults

Information regarding the protection of elderly or disabled adults in Texas is available on the Texas DFPS Adult Protective Services website at . Texas law mandates that any person who believes that an elderly or disabled adult is being abused, neglected, or exploited has a legal obligation to report it immediately .

The mandated reporters in Texas include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who believes that an elderly or disabled adult is being abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Texas requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-252-5400 . Online reporting is also available through the DFPS website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Texas Human Resources Code § 48.051 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of elderly or disabled adults in the state.

SS. Utah

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Utah can be found on the official website of the Utah Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Child and Family Services at . Utah law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Utah include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Utah requires an immediate report to DHHS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-855-323-DCFS (3237) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Utah Code § 62A-4a-403 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Utah is available on the Utah DHHS Adult Protective Services website at . Utah law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Utah include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reason to believe that a vulnerable adult has been subjected to abuse, neglect, or exploitation is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Utah requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-371-7897 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Utah Code § 62A-3-305 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

TT. Vermont

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Vermont can be found on the official website of the Vermont Department for Children and Families (DCF) at . Vermont law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Vermont include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Vermont requires an immediate report to DCF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-649-5242 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Vermont Statutes Title 33 § 4913 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Vermont is available on the Vermont Department of Disabilities, Aging and Independent Living (DAIL) Adult Protective Services website at . Vermont law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Vermont include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Vermont requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-564-1612 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Vermont Statutes Title 33 § 6903 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

UU. Virginia

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Virginia can be found on the official website of the Virginia Department of Social Services (DSS) at . Virginia law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Virginia include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reason to suspect that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Virginia requires an immediate report to DSS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-552-7096 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Virginia Code § 63.2-1509 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Adults

Information regarding the protection of adults from abuse, neglect, or exploitation in Virginia is available on the Virginia Department for Aging and Rehabilitative Services (DARS) Adult Protective Services website at . Virginia law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults .

The mandated reporters in Virginia include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reason to suspect that an adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Virginia requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-888-832-3858 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Virginia Code § 63.2-1606 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of adults in the state.

VV. Washington

1. Child Abuse or Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect in Washington can be found on the official website of the Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF) at . Washington law mandates that any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has suffered abuse or neglect must report it .

The mandated reporters in Washington include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Washington requires an immediate report to DCYF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-ENDHARM (1-866-363-4276) . Online reporting is also available through the DCYF website .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Washington Revised Code § 26.44.030 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse or neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Washington is available on the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS) Adult Protective Services website at . Washington law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Washington include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Washington requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-866-ENDHARM (1-866-363-4276) .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Washington Revised Code § 74.34.035 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

WW. West Virginia

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in West Virginia can be found on the official website of the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (DHHR) Bureau for Children and Families at . West Virginia law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in West Virginia include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in West Virginia requires an immediate report to DHHR. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-352-6513 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is West Virginia Code § 49-4-201 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in West Virginia is available on the West Virginia DHHR Bureau for Social Services Adult Protective Services website at . West Virginia law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in West Virginia include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a vulnerable adult is abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in West Virginia requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-352-6513 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is West Virginia Code § 9-6-3 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

XX. Wisconsin

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Wisconsin can be found on the official website of the Wisconsin Department of Children and Families (DCF) at . Wisconsin law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Wisconsin include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that a child is abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Wisconsin requires an immediate report to DCF. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-362-3020 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Wisconsin Statutes § 48.981 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Financial Exploitation of Adults at Risk

Information regarding the protection of adults at risk in Wisconsin is available on the Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) Adult Protective Services website at . Wisconsin law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation of adults at risk .

The mandated reporters in Wisconsin include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who has reasonable cause to believe that an adult at risk is abused, neglected, or financially exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Wisconsin requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-488-6287 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Wisconsin Statutes § 55.043 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation of adults at risk in the state.

YY. Wyoming

1. Child Abuse and Neglect

Information regarding the reporting of child abuse and neglect in Wyoming can be found on the official website of the Wyoming Department of Family Services (DFS) at . Wyoming law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected child abuse or neglect .

The mandated reporters in Wyoming include physicians, nurses, dentists, educators, social workers, child care providers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a child has been abused or neglected is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Wyoming requires an immediate report to DFS. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-442-2762 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Wyoming Statutes § 14-3-205 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting child abuse and neglect in the state.

2. Abuse, Neglect, or Exploitation of Vulnerable Adults

Information regarding the protection of vulnerable adults in Wyoming is available on the Wyoming DFS Adult Protective Services website at . Wyoming law mandates that certain individuals are required to report suspected abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults .

The mandated reporters in Wyoming include physicians, nurses, social workers, and law enforcement officers . Any person who knows or has reasonable cause to suspect that a vulnerable adult has been abused, neglected, or exploited is required to report .

The reporting procedure in Wyoming requires an immediate report to Adult Protective Services. Reports can be made by calling the toll-free number 1-800-457-3649 .

The relevant statutory code governing these requirements is Wyoming Statutes § 35-20-103 . This statute outlines the duty to report and the procedures for reporting abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults in the state.

Comparative Overview and Key Considerations

The analysis now includes all 50 states, revealing a consistently complex and varied landscape of mandated reporting laws. The patterns observed in the initial analysis up to Minnesota hold true across the entire nation. Definitions of "child" and "vulnerable adult" continue to show state-specific nuances. The categories of mandated reporters remain diverse, with some states like Arkansas and Alaska having particularly extensive lists, while others focus on core professions. Reporting procedures generally involve immediate oral reports followed by written documentation, with increasing availability of online reporting options. State statutory codes provide the legal foundation, and penalties for failure to report range from misdemeanors to felonies. Immunity for good-faith reporting is a common provision across all states.

The ethics codes of mental health professions, including ACA, APA, NASW, AAMFT, and licensed school counselors (e.g., ASCA), consistently address the ethical obligations related to confidentiality and its exceptions, particularly concerning the legal mandate to report abuse and neglect. These codes underscore the professional responsibility to prioritize the safety and well-being of vulnerable populations, aligning with the legal requirements set forth by each state.

Conclusion

The comprehensive exploration of mandated reporting laws across all fifty states highlights the significant variations that exist in the legal frameworks designed to protect children and vulnerable adults. Understanding these state-specific laws, including definitions, reporter categories, reporting procedures, and penalties, is crucial for professionals working with these populations. The ethics codes of mental health professions reinforce these legal obligations, emphasizing the importance of breaching confidentiality when necessary to report suspected abuse and neglect. Mandated reporters must remain informed about the laws in their specific jurisdiction and utilize the resources provided by state agencies and professional organizations to ensure compliance and contribute to the safety and well-being of vulnerable individuals.

AI Disclosure

This blog post was created with the assistance of AI technology to ensure accuracy, thorough research, and clarity. While the content reflects a blend of machine efficiency and human oversight, readers are encouraged to consult professional ethical guidelines and faith-based counseling resources for further guidance.