Counseling Compact 2025: Complete State-by-State Guide for Licensed Professional Counselors

  1. Share
0 0

Too many Christian counselors feel isolated  — and isolation leads to burnout. Remnant Counselor Collective is a community where Christian Counselors connect and support one another…preventing burnout and helping them flourish. Join the Community: https://www.remnantcounselorcollective.com/membership

Professional Counselor Licensure Compact: Complete State Status Report

The Professional Counselor Licensure Compact (PCLC) has 39 states plus Washington D.C. having enacted legislation—creating the largest mental health interstate compact in US history (American Counseling Association, 2025). However, the compact is not yet operational, with applications expected to open in late summer or early fall 2025 (Counseling Compact Commission, 2025a). Significant gaps remain in 11 states, with only 3 states showing active pending legislation.

Research confirms the Counseling Compact Commission's claim of "12 states with pending legislation" was accurate as of February 2024, but reflects outdated information as six of those states have since enacted the compact (Counseling Compact Commission, 2024). The current landscape shows a more consolidated picture: most states have either fully enacted the legislation or show no current activity, with genuine pending legislation limited to just Pennsylvania, New York, and potentially Texas.

Verified State Status Breakdown

Enacted States Lead Compact Implementation

All 39 states plus D.C. that have enacted PCLC legislation are confirmed through official state government sources (American Counseling Association, 2025). Nevada becomes effective January 1, 2026, making it the most recent addition (American Counseling Association, 2025). The compact creates reciprocal practice privileges for licensed professional counselors across member states, addressing critical mental health workforce shortages.

Complete List of Member States:

  • Alabama - Member state
  • Arizona - Enacted April 2, 2024
  • Arkansas - Member state
  • Colorado - Member state
  • Connecticut - Enacted through Public Act 23-195
  • Delaware - Member state
  • Florida - Member state
  • Georgia - First state to join (May 10, 2021)
  • Indiana - Member state
  • Iowa - Member state
  • Kansas - Member state
  • Kentucky - Member state
  • Louisiana - Member state
  • Maine - Member state
  • Maryland - Second state to join (May 18, 2021)
  • Minnesota - Member state
  • Mississippi - Member state
  • Missouri - Member state
  • Montana - Member state
  • Nebraska - Member state
  • Nevada - Enacted June 10, 2025 (effective January 1, 2026)
  • New Hampshire - Member state
  • New Jersey - 32nd state to join
  • North Carolina - Member state
  • North Dakota - Member state
  • Ohio - Member state
  • Oklahoma - Member state
  • Rhode Island - Member state
  • South Carolina - Member state (effective July 1, 2024)
  • South Dakota - Member state
  • Tennessee - Member state
  • Utah - Member state
  • Vermont - Member state
  • Virginia - Member state
  • Washington - Member state
  • West Virginia - Member state
  • Wisconsin - Member state
  • Wyoming - Member state
  • Washington, D.C. - Enacted December 17, 2024

Arizona and Minnesota were identified as the first states to complete technical requirements, but the compact remains in development phase with applications not yet open (Counseling Compact Commission, 2025a). Member states will phase in throughout 2025-2026 as they complete database integration and regulatory alignment with the compact's unified licensure database system.

Key recent additions include South Carolina (effective July 1, 2024), Rhode Island (enacted June 25, 2024), and New Jersey as the 32nd member state (Counseling Compact Commission, 2025c). This rapid expansion demonstrates continued momentum despite implementation challenges.

Pending Legislation Shows Mixed Progress

Pennsylvania represents the most advanced pending case, with Senate passage confirmed at 45-5 votes on July 17, 2025 (Pennsylvania Senate Democrats, 2025; Senator Lisa Boscola, 2025). The legislation (HB 668/SB 604) has bipartisan support and awaits House action, with companion bills already passed in the opposite chamber, suggesting likely enactment.

New York's approach differs significantly through S3915, a comprehensive multi-compact bill addressing psychology interjurisdictional compact, emergency medical services personnel licensure, and counseling compact simultaneously (New York State Senate, 2025). This omnibus approach may create implementation complexities but reflects New York's systematic approach to interstate compacts.

Texas presents a stalled scenario despite official board support. HB1537 and companion bill SB498 were introduced in March 2025 but remain stuck in committee (LegiScan, 2025). The Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors adopted a resolution supporting compact membership in September 2024, yet legislative progress has stagnated (Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council, 2024).

States Without Activity Show Clear Patterns

Eleven states show no current PCLC activity: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Mexico, Oregon, plus the three with stalled/study-only legislation. Geographic patterns emerge, with Western states(Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon) showing particular resistance or inactivity.

Massachusetts only pursues study legislation through HD4701, establishing a commission to study feasibility rather than direct compact adoption (Massachusetts Legislature, 2023). This cautious approach contrasts sharply with the direct enactment strategy used by most other states.

California's situation remains unclear despite being specifically mentioned by the Counseling Compact Commission as having "legislation most recently introduced" (Counseling Compact Commission, 2024). Extensive research of California state legislature records revealed no specific active PCLC bills, suggesting either withdrawn legislation or inaccurate reporting.

Fact-Checking Reveals High Accuracy in Official Claims

Connecticut Verification Confirms Precise Legal Framework

Public Act 23-195 verification: Research confirms Connecticut's membership stems from exactly this legislation, codified as Section 20-195hh of Connecticut General Statutes (Connecticut General Assembly, n.d.). The law states explicitly: "The Counseling Compact is hereby enacted into law and entered into by the state of Connecticut," effective July 1, 2023.

Nevada Timeline Matches Official Projections

January 1, 2026 effective date confirmed through official Counseling Compact Commission documentation (American Counseling Association, 2025). Governor Joe Lombardo signed AB163 on June 10, 2025, with the delayed effective date allowing time for regulatory alignment and database integration.

Pennsylvania Vote Count Verified Through Multiple Sources

45-5 Senate passage confirmed through official Pennsylvania legislative records and multiple senator websites (Pennsylvania Senate Democrats, 2025; Senator Lisa Boscola, 2025; Senator Judy Schwank, 2025). The July 17, 2025 vote demonstrated substantial bipartisan support, with Senate Bill 604 sponsored by Senators Lisa Boscola (D-Lehigh/Northampton) and Judy Schwank (D-Berks).

Implementation Challenges Ahead for Remaining States

Geographic Disparities Create Coverage Gaps

Western region shows lowest adoption, with only 7 of 13 western states having enacted legislation. This creates significant coverage gaps for mental health professionals in the fastest-growing region, potentially limiting workforce mobility where demographic pressures are greatest.

Northeastern corridor remains fragmented despite high population density and interstate workforce flows. Massachusetts, New York, and Vermont represent a critical gap in regional coverage, though Vermont has enacted and New York shows active legislation.

Regulatory Complexity May Slow Remaining Adoptions

States without current activity may face increasing implementation challenges as the compact's operational requirements become more complex (National Board for Certified Counselors, 2025). Early adopters benefit from simpler integration, while late-joining states must conform to established protocols and technical standards developed by the 39-member majority.

The "12 states with pending legislation" claim originated in February 2024 when the compact had 33 member states (Counseling Compact Commission, 2024). Since then, six of those pending states successfully enacted legislation, while others abandoned efforts or saw bills fail, creating today's more polarized landscape.

Conclusion

The Professional Counselor Licensure Compact has achieved remarkable success with 39 states plus D.C. enacting legislation, exceeding initial projections and creating substantial interstate practice opportunities (American Counseling Association, 2025). However, the remaining 11 states present increasingly challenging adoption prospects, with only Pennsylvania showing clear momentum toward enactment.

Geographic clustering of non-participating states creates regional coverage gaps that may limit the compact's effectiveness in addressing national mental health workforce challenges. The contrast between rapid early adoption and current legislative stagnation suggests the compact may have reached its natural geographic and political boundaries, at least in the near term.

The pending operational launch marks a critical transition from legislative expansion to technical implementation, with success now depending on database development and professional adoption rather than additional state membership (Counseling Compact Commission, 2025a).


References

American Counseling Association. (2025). Counseling compact - Interstate compacts for professional counselor licensure. https://www.counseling.org/advocacy/counseling-compact

American Counseling Association. (2025, June 16). Nevada becomes 38th state to sign interstate counseling compact into law. https://www.counseling.org/advocacy/counseling-compact/2025/06/16/nevada-becomes-38th-state-to-sign-interstate-counseling-compact-into-law

Connecticut General Assembly. (n.d.). Chapter 383c - Professional counselors. https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_383c.htm

Counseling Compact Commission. (2024). Compact up to 33 states. https://counselingcompact.gov/compact-up-to-33-states/

Counseling Compact Commission. (2025a). Counseling compact: Applications for Counseling Compact privileges to practice are expected to open in late summer or early fall 2025. https://counselingcompact.gov/

Counseling Compact Commission. (2025b). FAQ for counselors: Applications for compact privileges are currently not open. https://counselingcompact.gov/faq/

Counseling Compact Commission. (2025c). News – Counseling compact. https://counselingcompact.org/news/

LegiScan. (2025). Texas HB1537 | 2025-2026 | 89th Legislature. https://legiscan.com/TX/text/HB1537/id/3030734

Massachusetts Legislature. (2023). Bill H.4753: An act establishing a commission to study the feasibility of Massachusetts joining the counseling compact. https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD4701

National Board for Certified Counselors. (2025). Counseling compact update. https://nbcc.org/govtaffairs/newsroom/counseling-compact-update

New York State Senate. (2025). NY State Senate Bill 2025-S3915: An act to amend the education law, in relation to adopting the psychology interjurisdictional compact (Part A); to amend the public health law, in relation to adopting the recognition of emergency medical services personnel licensure interstate compact (Part B); and to amend the education law, in relation to adopting the interstate counseling compact (Part C). https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/bills/2025/S3915

Pennsylvania Senate Democrats. (2025, July 17). PA Senate passes counseling compact bill to address mental health care gap. https://pasenate.com/pa-senate-passes-counseling-compact-bill-to-address-mental-health-care-gap/

Senator Judy Schwank. (2025, July 17). PA Senate passes counseling compact bill to address mental health care gap. https://senatorschwank.com/pa-senate-passes-counseling-compact-bill-to-address-mental-health-care-gap

Senator Lisa Boscola. (2025, July 17). PA Senate passes counseling compact bill to address mental health care gap. https://senatorboscola.com/pa-senate-passes-counseling-compact-bill-to-address-mental-health-care-gap/

Texas Behavioral Health Executive Council. (2024, September 20). Counseling compact resolution 9-20-2024 [PDF]. https://bhec.texas.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Counseling-Compact-Resolution-9-20-2024.pdf

Community tags

This content has 0 tags that match your profile.

Areas of the World Show all (250)

Comments

To leave a comment, login or sign up.

Related Content

0
Counseling Compact Update 2026: New States, Implementation, and What Counselors Should Know
Over the past several years, the Counseling Compact has emerged as one of the most significant developments affecting licensure portability for professional counselors in the United States. Designed to allow licensed professional counselors to practice across participating states without obtaining full licensure in each jurisdiction, the compact represents a major shift in how counseling practice may operate across state lines. Interstate licensure compacts have already been implemented in several other professions, including nursing and psychology, and the Counseling Compact represents the counseling profession’s effort to address long-standing barriers to interstate practice (National Board for Certified Counselors [NBCC], 2024). Although the legislative adoption of the compact has spread rapidly across the country, the transition from legislation to operational implementation has been slower than many counselors anticipated. Passing compact legislation in a state legislature represents only the first step. States must also complete regulatory alignment, background check procedures, and secure data-sharing integration before issuing interstate practice privileges. Over the past several months, however, several meaningful developments have occurred that counselors should understand. These developments indicate that the compact is gradually transitioning from a legislative framework to an operational system that will affect clinical practice in the coming years. Operational Launch of the Counseling Compact One of the most important developments since the end of 2025 is that the Counseling Compact is now operational in several states. As of early 2026, three states have completed the technical and regulatory requirements necessary to begin issuing privileges for interstate counseling practice: Arizona, Minnesota, and Ohio. Ohio officially became operational on January 5, 2026, joining Arizona and Minnesota as the first jurisdictions able to issue interstate practice privileges under the compact framework (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026a). This milestone represents the first time counselors have been able to actively use the compact to obtain authorization to practice across state lines. Counselors who live in one of these operational states and hold an independent, unencumbered counseling license may apply for privileges to practice in the other operational compact states. For example, counselors licensed and residing in Arizona may apply for privileges in Minnesota and Ohio, while counselors residing in Minnesota or Ohio may apply for privileges in the other operational states (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026a). Although the system currently includes only three operational states, the launch demonstrates that the compact infrastructure is now functioning and capable of supporting interstate practice privileges. The Rapid Legislative Expansion of the Compact While operational implementation remains limited, the legislative adoption of the compact has expanded rapidly. As of March 2026, thirty-eight states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation joining the Counseling Compact, representing a significant majority of U.S. jurisdictions (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026b). The states that have enacted compact legislation include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, along with the District of Columbia (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026b). This widespread legislative adoption reflects a growing recognition among policymakers that mental health professionals require greater mobility in order to meet increasing demand for services. Interstate compacts allow states to maintain regulatory authority over professional licensing while also enabling clinicians to provide services in multiple jurisdictions without navigating the burdensome process of obtaining full licensure in each state. Implementation Is Occurring in Phases Despite the large number of states that have enacted compact legislation, most are still working through the steps required to activate the system. According to the Counseling Compact Commission, thirty-six additional states and the District of Columbia are currently progressing toward operational readiness (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026a). Operational readiness requires the completion of several technical and regulatory processes. These include establishing FBI background check compliance, integrating licensing databases with the compact’s national data system, adopting rules consistent with compact requirements, and connecting to the CompactConnect platform used to process interstate privilege applications. Because these processes involve coordination between state licensing boards, regulatory agencies, and the national compact commission, implementation timelines vary significantly from state to state. As a result, the compact will likely continue expanding gradually as additional states complete the required steps. Michigan’s Current Status Michigan is not currently a member of the Counseling Compact, but legislative activity related to the compact has taken place in the state. Michigan House Bill 4591, introduced during the 2025–2026 legislative session, proposes adopting the Counseling Compact within Michigan law (Michigan Legislature, 2025). The bill was introduced in June 2025 and passed the Michigan House before being transmitted to the Michigan Senate on October 30, 2025 (Michigan Legislature, 2025). As of March 2026, however, Michigan has not yet enacted the compact legislation, meaning counselors licensed in Michigan are not currently eligible to participate in the compact system. The existence of pending legislation suggests that Michigan may still consider joining the compact in the future, but participation would require passage of the legislation and subsequent implementation steps before counselors could apply for interstate privileges. States That Have Not Yet Joined the Compact Although the compact has expanded rapidly, several large states have not yet enacted the legislation. As of early 2026, some of the most notable states outside the compact include California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, and Oregon (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026b). These states represent large populations of both counselors and clients, meaning their eventual participation could significantly expand the reach and impact of the compact. However, legislative priorities and regulatory considerations vary widely among states, and the timeline for potential adoption in these jurisdictions remains uncertain. Understanding the Privilege-to-Practice Model One important feature of the Counseling Compact is that it does not create a national counseling license. Instead, it uses a privilege-to-practice model that preserves state regulatory authority while allowing counselors to obtain permission to practice in multiple states. Under this model, counselors maintain their primary license in their home state, defined as the state where they reside. If the home state is a member of the compact, the counselor may apply for privileges to practice in other compact states. Each remote state grants a privilege that allows the counselor to practice within that jurisdiction while remaining regulated by both the home state and the remote state licensing authorities (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026c). To qualify for compact participation, counselors must hold an independent counseling license at the highest level available within their state, maintain an unencumbered license, meet educational requirements established by the compact, and complete an FBI background check (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026c). Fees Associated With Compact Privileges The Counseling Compact Commission has established a standardized administrative fee structure for interstate privileges. Counselors applying for a privilege must pay a $30 administrative fee to the compact commission for each privilege issued. In addition, each remote state may charge its own administrative fee for granting the privilege to practice (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026c). As a result, the total cost of obtaining a privilege varies depending on the state issuing the privilege. For example, Ohio’s current fee structure results in a total cost of approximately $55 for an initial privilege, although fees may differ in other jurisdictions (Counseling Compact Commission, 2026c). Privileges generally expire when the counselor’s home state license expires and must be renewed accordingly. Implications for Telehealth Practice One of the primary motivations behind the Counseling Compact is expanding access to mental health services through interstate practice, particularly via telehealth. Under traditional licensing rules, counselors must hold a license in the state where the client is physically located during the counseling session. This requirement can create significant barriers for clients who move between states, travel temporarily, or live near state borders. The compact addresses this issue by allowing counselors to obtain privileges in multiple states without completing the full licensure process in each jurisdiction. Once more states become operational, the compact may significantly expand the availability of interstate telehealth services (NBCC, 2024). However, because only three states are currently operational, the immediate impact on telehealth remains limited. As additional states complete the implementation process, the practical effects of the compact are expected to expand considerably. What Counselors Should Expect Moving Forward The next phase of the Counseling Compact will likely focus on expanding the number of operational states. Because most states have already enacted the legislation, the primary barrier to broader implementation is now technical and administrative rather than legislative. Over the next several years, additional states are expected to complete the requirements necessary to activate their compact systems. As more states become operational, counselors will gain greater flexibility to provide services across state lines, particularly in telehealth settings. For counselors following these developments, the most important takeaway is that the Counseling Compact has moved beyond the legislative stage and is now entering the operational phase. Although implementation remains gradual, the infrastructure necessary for interstate counseling practice is now in place. References Counseling Compact Commission. (2026a). Compact implementation updates. Counseling Compact Commission. Counseling Compact Commission. (2026b). Compact member states. Counseling Compact Commission. Counseling Compact Commission. (2026c). Compact participation requirements and fees. Counseling Compact Commission. Michigan Legislature. (2025). House Bill 4591 (2025–2026): Counseling compact legislation. State of Michigan. National Board for Certified Counselors. (2024). The counseling compact: Interstate licensure portability for professional counselors. NBCC.
0
What Happens When Counseling Crosses State Lines: Ethics, Safety, and What Clients Should Know
As counseling increasingly occurs through telehealth, many people assume that mental health care is no longer tied to geography. In reality, counseling in the United States remains a state-regulated profession, meaning that where a client is physically located during a session still matters legally and ethically (American Counseling Association [ACA], 2025). Even when counseling happens online, practitioners must follow the laws and professional regulations of the state in which the client receives services. To improve access to care, many U.S. states have adopted the Counseling Compact, an interstate agreement that allows licensed professional counselors to practice across participating states through a “privilege to practice” model (Counseling Compact Commission, 2025a). This system helps reduce barriers for clients who move, travel, or live in underserved areas. However, the Compact does not eliminate differences in ethical standards, legal obligations, or scope of practice across states (DeDiego et al., 2023). Why State Laws Still Apply Each state establishes its own laws governing counseling practice, including requirements related to confidentiality, documentation, informed consent, and safety reporting. Under the Counseling Compact, counselors must comply with the laws of the client’s location at the time services are delivered, not just the counselor’s home state (ACA, 2025). This is why ethical counselors often begin sessions by asking where the client is located. This practice ensures that services are provided legally and helps protect both the client and the counselor. If a client travels to a state where the counselor does not have legal authority to practice, services may need to pause temporarily while referrals or alternative arrangements are made (DeDiego et al., 2023). Ethics Are Similar—but Not Identical—Across States Although most counselors are trained using national ethical frameworks, such as those promoted by professional organizations, states differ in how ethics are codified and enforced. Some states adopt national ethics codes directly, while others incorporate ethical requirements into state law or licensing regulations (DeDiego et al., 2023). As a result, ethical counselors practicing across state lines typically follow the most restrictive or protective standardwhen differences arise. This approach prioritizes client welfare and reduces the risk of ethical violations. For clients, this may appear as clearer boundaries regarding communication, gifts, dual relationships, or confidentiality. These boundaries are not a lack of care but a reflection of ethical responsibility. Documentation and Record-Keeping Responsibilities Documentation requirements also vary across jurisdictions. States set different rules regarding how long counseling records must be retained, what information must be included, and how records must be secured. Ethical counselors practicing across state lines commonly retain records according to the longest applicable retention requirement to ensure compliance and protect continuity of care (Healthcare Providers Service Organization [HPSO], n.d.). Clients may notice that ethical counselors are careful about how records are created, stored, and shared. These practices reflect legal obligations and ethical commitments to confidentiality, not unnecessary bureaucracy. Informed Consent in Interstate Counseling Informed consent is a foundational ethical requirement and is often specifically mandated for telehealth services (Center for Connected Health Policy [CCHP], n.d.). Ethical informed consent involves more than signing a form; it includes ongoing communication about the nature of services and the client’s rights. In interstate counseling, informed consent should clearly explain: Where the counselor is licensed That counseling laws vary by state The benefits and limitations of telehealth How emergencies are handled when counselor and client are in different locations The limits of confidentiality, including mandated reporting and safety-related disclosures Providing this information allows clients to make informed decisions and fosters trust within the therapeutic relationship (DeDiego et al., 2023). Safety, Confidentiality, and Mandated Reporting All states require counselors to report certain situations, such as suspected child abuse, and many states impose legal duties related to threats of serious harm to others (National Conference of State Legislatures [NCSL], n.d.). These laws vary in their specific requirements, but their purpose is consistent: protecting life and safety. When counseling occurs across state lines, ethical counselors must follow the safety and reporting laws of the client’s jurisdiction. This is why counselors explain at the outset that confidentiality has limits. These limits are not designed to punish clients, but to ensure protection in situations involving serious risk (Gorshkalova & Munakomi, 2023). Why Ethical Interstate Counseling Matters When practiced responsibly, interstate counseling increases access to care, supports continuity during life transitions, and connects clients with appropriate expertise. When ethical and legal boundaries are ignored, however, clients can be exposed to confusion or harm. Ethical counseling across state lines requires preparation, transparency, and a commitment to professional integrity (DeDiego et al., 2023). Read the Full Professional Article For a detailed, clinician-focused analysis of ethical practice under the Counseling Compact—including documentation standards, informed consent requirements, and duty-to-warn variations—read the full article here: Ethical Practice Under the Counseling Compact: Multi-State Standards & Scope of Practice https://www.remnantcounselorcollective.com/resources/95818/ethical-practice-under-the-counseling-compact-multi-state-standards-scope-of-practice A Note on Following and Going Deeper If you value ethical mental health care, thoughtful analysis, and faith-informed wisdom, consider joining the Remnant Counselor Collective Family. RCC is a community of counselors, educators, and leaders committed to integrity, clinical excellence, and moral clarity in a rapidly changing mental health landscape. Members gain access to in-depth writing, professional dialogue, training opportunities, and supportive community engagement. References American Counseling Association. (2025). Interstate compacts for professional counselor licensure (Counseling Compact). https://www.counseling.org/advocacy/counseling-compact Center for Connected Health Policy. (n.d.). States with telehealth consent requirements.https://www.cchpca.org/topic/consent-requirements-medicaid-medicare/ Counseling Compact Commission. (2025a). Counseling Compact. https://counselingcompact.gov/ DeDiego, A., Maurya, R. K., Rujimora, J., Simineo, L., & Searls, G. (2023). Counseling and the Interstate Compact: Navigating ethical practice across state lines. The Professional Counselor, 13(3), 177–192. https://doi.org/10.15241/ad.13.3.177 Gorshkalova, O., & Munakomi, S. (2023). Duty to warn. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542236/ Healthcare Providers Service Organization. (n.d.). Record retention guidelines.https://www.hpso.com/Resources/Documentation/Record-Retention-Guidelines National Conference of State Legislatures. (n.d.). Mental health professionals’ duty to warn.https://www.ncsl.org/health/mental-health-professionals-duty-to-warn